goliad massacre list of victims

"A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin". They are going to shoot us! and at the same instant [John] heard the clicking of musket locks all along the Mexican line.[7], Dodging the first round of fire and avoiding a close encounter with the end of a bayonet, John C. Duval was subsequently able to reach the San Antonio River without being struck by the barrage of bullets that followed. Under a decree passed by the Mexican Congress on December 30 of the previous year, armed foreigners taken in combat were to be treated as pirates and executed. Many of those who eventually escaped were first recaptured and later managed a second escape. (1992). Harbert Davenport and Craig H. Roell, Goliad Massacre, Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qeg02), accessed June 10, 2013. But the caretakers of Presidio La Bahia, site of the Goliad Massacre, hope their recently completed renovation will allow Goliad to share some of the Alamo's glory. Republic of Texas Press. Participated in the siege of Bexar. The authenticity of the gravesite was further verified by historians Clarence R. Wharton and Harbert Davenport. DeWitt Clinton Baker, comp., A Texas Scrap-Book (New York: Barnes, 1875; rpt. All items (2) # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z This March 18, 2010, photo shows a plaque in the museum at the fort in Goliad, Texas, with the names of 342 who died in the Goliad Massacre. Fought at Bexar, remained in Alamo as Bexar Guard. Six lined pages, 8.5" x 13.75", n.p., n.d. Each page, except the final, contains two accessed May 01, 2023, The guards left him for dead in the courtyard, and he escaped in the night but was recaptured and shot. In a disastrous setback for the Texans resisting Santa Annas regime, the Mexican army defeats and executes 417 Texas revolutionaries at Goliad. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In 1936, in celebration of the Texas Centennial, money was appropriated to build a massive pink granite monument, dedicated on June 4, 1938. In command of, captured in other encounters) were shot on March 27, Palm Sunday. For information about how to add references, see, Matthew Ellenberger, "HORTON, ALBERT CLINTON," Handbook of Texas Online (, Harbert Davenport and Craig H. Roell, "GOLIAD MASSACRE," Handbook of Texas Online (, Craig H. Roell, "MILLER, WILLIAM PARSONS," Handbook of Texas Online (, Castaneda, H.W. This is the first time weve done a mock funeral.. His grandfather, John Jameson was a lieutenant governor of Virginia. "The Alamo Story-From History to Current Conflicts". "James Bowie Texas Fighting Man: A Biography". We need your support because we are a non-profit organization that relies upon contributions from our community in order to record and preserve the history of our state. 28 escaped, 20 spared as workers, 75 spared as unarmed captives. Although not as famous as the Battle of the Alamo, the execution of Fannins troops at Goliad crystallized public opinion in the United States and contributed to a war frenzy against Mexico. Every penny counts! Nat [Nathaniel W.] Faison, who is still living, saw him fall. They carried waterskins and flintlocks. Harbert Davenport and Craig H. Roell, Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). By March 25, Fannins 240 men were joined by 80 more prisoners from the Texas loss at Refugio. Andrews is not listed on most lists of Alamo defenders. in 1936, Tennessee, Navidad, Tx. Handbook of Texas Online, As the Mexican cavalry approached on February 23, Travis dispatched courier John Johnson to ask Colonel, Likely a courier who left with a message to Fannin on February 23. At a prearranged moment, or upon a given signal, the guards fired upon the prisoners at a range too close to miss. Were preserving the history, Sifuentes said. Logan and fellow soldiers knew a force from Mexico of about 7,000 men were marching to retake this country again & our whole force at this time dont exceed 800 men, but we are willing to meet them when they arrive, according to the GLOs account of the letter. On March 19, General Urrea had quickly advanced and surrounded 300 men in the Texian Army on the open prairie, near La Bahia (Goliad). The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this entry. The re-enactors slept under the stars or in the Presidios historic barracks and ate jerky, salted pork, parched corn and journey cakes made of cornmeal. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: March 27. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Wade Marcum, right, relaxes in the shade with his 12-year-old horse, Comache, and with other historical re-enactors during a living history event inside Presidio La Baha in Goliad. Now determined to break completely from Mexico, the Texas revolutionaries began to yell Remember Goliad! along with the more famous battle cry, Remember the Alamo! Less than a month later, Texan forces under General Sam Houston dealt a stunning blow to Santa Annas army in the Battle of San Jacinto, and Texas won its independence. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/taylor-edward. A. The 115names on that list were supplied by couriers John Smith and Gerald Navan. Texas Revolution: Santa Anna responds: the Alamo and the Goliad Massacre. Every penny counts! Although this was really an attempt by Urrea to commandeer the ship, the vessel had already departed. In fall 1835 he recruited men and joined under Juan Seguin. Email notifications are only sent once a day, and only if there are new matching items. You can help preserve the The Texans thought they would likely be set free in a few weeks. [4], The Mexicans took the Texians back to Goliad, where they were held as prisoners at Fort Defiance (Presidio La Bahia). Edward Taylor, Alamo defender, son of Anson and Elizabeth (Maley) Taylor, was born in Tennessee about 1812. Participated in the siege of Bexar and remained as part of the garrison. Taylor County, Texas is named for him and his brothers, George and James, who also died in the Alamo. Portilla suffered an unquiet night weighing these conflicting orders, but he concluded that he was bound to obey Santa Anna's order and directed that the prisoners be shot at dawn. Mark Rosenberg covers local, regional and breaking news for the Advocate as a Report for America corps member. In eight days, home and liberty!". High 88F. Fought at siege of Bexar. rode in with Bowie, fought at Bexar in Peacock's artillery, joined Chenoweth's company in Jan. rode in with Breece's N.O.Greys, fought at Bexar, wounded, remained at Alamo with Blazeby. Edward Taylor, Alamo defender, son of Anson and Elizabeth (Maley) Taylor, was born in Tennessee about 1812. Antonio Ramrez, and first adjutant Agustn Alcrrica (a colonel in the Tres Villas Battalion in April 1836). King and a group of men had been executed on March 16 at Refugio, but some 15 to 18 prisoners were marched to Goliad to serve as blacksmiths or mechanics. Re-enactors fire a salute at the Fannin Memorial during a service for the Goliad Massacre March 28, 2004. He received land certificates for his service, including a 640-acre Donation specifically for his service under Fannin at Goliad, and a 1,280-acre Bounty for the full term of his enlistment. Santa Anna replied to Urrea's clemency letter on March 23 by ordering immediate execution of these "perfidious foreigners" and repeated the order in a letter the next day. Mabry McMahon, left, and David Sifuentes, right, shoot off a volley of shots to commemorate the Texians who died during the 1836 Goliad Massacre in the Texas Revolution during a living history event near Presidio La Baha in Goliad. Abel Morgan, An Account of the Battle of Goliad and Fanning's Massacre (Paducah, Kentucky?, 1847?). Burr H. Duval's company, was marched toward the upper ford of the San Antonio River on the Bexar road. According to a Texas General Land Office blog about John C. Logan at Goliad, details of the living conditions were found in two letters in the Court of Claims file at the GLO, which are used to handle legal claims for land and money against the state. David Crockett was seen at all points, animating the men to do their duty.". Historical reenactors, dressed as Texian troops, march back to Presidio La Baha during a living history event. Fannin's men delivered up their arms, and some 230 or 240 uninjured or slightly wounded men were marched back to Goliad and imprisoned in the chapel of Nuestra Seora de Loreto Presidio at La Baha, the fort they had previously occupied (see FORT DEFIANCE). His was the only body of a Texian to be buried, after his brother Francisco received special permission from Santa Anna. In 1892, Duval published his journal, Early Times in Texas, or, the Adventures of Jack Dobell, which detailed his imprisonment, escape, and eventual return to safety during the final month of the Texas Revolution. 18121836) Taylor, Edward (ca. After the speech concluded, McMahon and David Sifuentes, another one of the events organizers, manually loaded flintlock muskets and fired off a three-round salute. Edward Taylor, Alamo defender, son of Anson and Elizabeth (Maley) Taylor, was born in Tennessee about 1812. Missouri, Lincoln County, Hurricane Township ! Every penny counts! If you change your mind, you can easily unsubscribe. The Crossroads of Texas Living History Association staged re-enactments of battles that took place there, gave candle light tours and staged a reenactment of the death march at a location where it is believed the massacre took place. WebThe name of Goliad was etched in Texas collective memory, however, through a single eventthe now-disputed Goliad Massacre. Grey company. Mark Rosenberg reports on rural community life for the Victoria Advocate as a Report for America corps member. Ironically, rather than serving to crush the Texas rebellion, the Goliad Massacre helped inspire and unify the Texans. Signup today for our free newsletter, Especially Texan. Sam W. Haynes, Soldiers of Misfortune: The Somervell and Mier Expeditions (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990). Previously served in the French Army in the. Four weeks elapsed between their capture and their execution, enabling Santa Anna to gauge in advance the reaction of New Orleans to their fate. [1], Albert Clinton Horton and his company had been acting as the advance and rear guards for Fannin's company. You can navigate days by using left and right arrows. Twenty-eight of them were tried as pirates, convicted, and, on December 14, 1835, shot (see TAMPICO EXPEDITION). When the Mexican and Texan commissioners seeking surrender terms failed to agree, Urrea shortened the conference by dealing directly with Fannin and proposing written terms, under which the Texans should give up their arms and become prisoners of war "at the disposal of the Supreme Mexican Government." WebThe Goliad Massacre On March 27, 1836, over three hundred Texan prisoners, most of them captured a few days before while battling the Mexican army near Coleto Creek, were executed by Mexican forces . Fannin, because he was wounded, Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. by Charlotte Churchill, With Milam and Fannin, Austin: Pemberton Press, 1968). This article does not contain any citations or references. ISBN, Hopewell, Clifford (1994). Updates? According to Duval, in February of 1836, the men at Goliad were informed by a Mexican from the Rio Grande that Santa Anna was on the Texas border with a large army. We are a community-supported, non-profit organization and we humbly ask for your support because the careful and accurate recording of our history has never been more important. Entered the Alamo on March 1, rode in as part of the "Immortal 32" Gonzales Mounted Rangers, Floyd County, Texas is named for him. All Rights Reserved. [2], On February 27, 1836, Urrea's advance patrol surprised Frank W. Johnson and about 34 men, initiating the Battle of San Patricio, where they killed about 10 and took 18 prisoners. Winds SSW at 10 to 15 mph.. Mostly clear. The largest group, including what remained of Ward's Georgia Battalion and Capt. Every dollar helps. Served in Capt. After Travis's death, Joe took cover in a room. 1887; facsimile rpt., Austin: Steck, 1935). fought at Bexar remained at Alamo with Carey, fought at Bexar remained at Alamo with Blazeby, rode back in as part of the "Immortal 32", fought at Bexar, Gonzales resident, member "Old Eighteen", Travis' emissary to Almonte, carried Travis' 2/24 message to Gonzales, returned with Gonzales relief. He served with Bigfoot Wallace and Jack Hays in the Texas Rangers and was a veteran of the Mexican-American War and the Civil War. These victories of 1835 then intensified www.txglo.org, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qeg02. Urrea, in compliance with his promise, wrote to Santa Anna from Guadalupe Victoria, informing him that Fannin and his men were prisoners of war "at the disposal of the Supreme Mexican Government" and recommending clemency; but he reported nothing in his letter of the terms that Fannin and his men had drafted for their surrender. In obedience to Santa Annas orders, on this day in 1836 Urrea ordered his men to open fire on Fannin and his soldiers, along with about 100 other captured Texans. Dallas, TX: Republic of Texas Press. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Spratt is not listed on most lists of Alamo defenders. Alamo courier with John Smith as listed above, who last left on March 3. Alamo Noncombatants, Handbook of Texas Online, s.v. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). He, along with Susana Dickinson, spread the news of the Alamo's fall to the colonies in Texas. Two physicians, Joseph H. Barnard and John Shackelford, were taken to San Antonio to treat Mexican wounded from the battle of the Alamo; they later escaped. Shepherd survived the firing squad by pretending to be dead. In 1848 the bodies were returned from Mexico to be buried at Monument Hill, near La Grange, Fayette County. His solution was tested after November 15, 1835, when Gen. Jos Antonio Mexa attacked Tampico with three companies enlisted at New Orleans. Smith first left the Alamo on February 23 with one of Travis's first pleas for help. Hermann Ehrenberg, Texas und Seine Revolution (Leipzig: Wigand, 1843; abridged trans. [They were] to be liberated on parole, and that arrangements had been made to send [them] to New Orleans on board of vessels then at Copano.[6] Duval joined the division that was marched northwest along the road leading to San Antonio. Upon hearing heavy firing of musketry in the directions taken by the other two divisions, [one of the men] exclaimed Boys! In 1930 some Goliad Boy Scouts found charred bone fragments that had been unearthed over the years by animals, and an excursion to the site by Goliad residents on New Year's Day, 1932, succeeded in attracting an investigation of the site by University of Texas anthropologist J. E. Pearce. ", A more difficult situation confronted him on March 20 after James W. Fannin's surrender (see COLETO, BATTLE OF). Cody Mobley, left, dressed as Gen. Thomas Jefferson Rusk, recites a speech in honor of Texian troops during a living history event near Presidio La Baha in Goliad. A land contract dated February 13, 1836 appears to place Bowman in Copper County, TX, instead of at the Alamo; his family believes the contract was forged. https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/goliad-massacre, By: probable courier of March 3 letters, Crockett's nephew, Alamo hospital, chief surgeon (under Neill), joined as regimental surgeon under S.F.Austin, remained at Alamo, joined Vol.Aux.Corps in Nacogdoches, rode in with Capt.Harrison's company, Fought at Bexar, remained in Alamo in Carey's company. Kent County, Texas is named in his honor. On Saturday morning, seven re-enactors participated in a living history event at Presidio La Baha in Goliad to commemorate a funeral speech given by Gen. Thomas Jefferson Rusk honoring the Texan soldiers who died at the Goliad Massacre. He was the older brother of Alamo defenders George and James Taylor. Missouri Territory, St. Charles District ! Fannin and some forty (Pea estimated eighty or ninety) wounded Texans unable to march were put to death within the presidio under the direction of Capt. According to most lists, Bowman was killed at the Alamo. Ceremonies were held in Goliad to honor the memory of the massacre that took place in 1836. Description [Henry M. Morfit] Texas Revolution: Autograph Letter Signed Requesting Land for the Family of a Victim of the Goliad Massacre. During the siege, his company defended the wooden palisade stretching between the Alamo chapel and the Low Barracks. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. Daughters of the American Revolution, The Alamo Heroes and Their Revolutionary Ancestors (San Antonio, 1976). Among these was Herman Ehrenberg, who later wrote an account of the massacre. In fall 1836 Captain Thomas Breece compiled a list of the men who had originally been under his command, and marked Andrews as killed at the Alamo. They came to honor the soldiers who fought in the Texas Revolution. Groneman thinks he was left in the Alamo when Francis L. Desauque was sent out for supplies. Carolino Huerta of the Tres Villas battalion. An excerpt from a letter written by Kentucky volunteer John C. Logan, who described optimism but harsh conditions for soldiers fighting in the Texas Revolution. The victims of Goliad Aux.Corps in Nacogdoches, member of Capt.Gilmer's company, Commander of his own cavalry company, fully commanded Alamo on 2/24/1836, Commanded the "Regulars"; first of the defenders to be killed in the final battle, fought at Bexar, Gonzales resident, (rode in as part of the "Immortal 32", married, in 1834, he applied for land in Texas, Capt. He assured Fannin that there was no known instance where a prisoner of war who had trusted to the clemency of the Mexican government had lost his life, that he would recommend to General Santa Anna acceptance of the terms proposed by Fannin's men, and that he was confident of obtaining Santa Anna's approval within a period of eight days. Records of John C. Duvals service in the Republic of Texas Army and his escape from Goliad can be found in the Archives of the General Land Office. Disagreements among the Texans had led to a division of the rebel forces. A memorial marks the burial site of Col. James Fannin and other Texans executed in the 1836 Goliad Massacre. Magazine of American History. Historian Thomas Ricks Lindley states that Bowman's name did appear on the first monument to Alamo defenders (which was destroyed in 1881), but no other records have been located to verify his service in San Antonio. Chariton, Wallace O. The Goliad Massacre took place on March 27, 1836, but was recreated 186 years later on Sunday as part of the 36th annual Goliad Massacre & Living History Program. From Robertson County, Tennessee, twin sister Amanda Melvina Washington, parents Andrew Washington and Margaret Bridger. William Kennedy, Texas: The Rise, Progress, and Prospects of the Republic of Texas (London: Hastings, 1841; rpt., Fort Worth: Molyneaux Craftsmen, 1925). Henry Stuart Foote, Texas and the Texans (2 vols., Philadelphia: Cowperthwait, 1841; rpt., Austin: Steck, 1935). They may have been added to the prisoners at Goliad and killed with Fannin on March 27. Itd be a whole different thing if you were out here wearing Gore-Tex, said Mobley, who wore hand-sewn leather shoes with pegged-on soles. McMahon said the participants did extensive research to represent the funeral as closely as possible, despite the limited documentation of the event. [8], Spared men were given white arm bands, and while wearing them could walk about freely. As Urreas much larger 1400-man army approached, Fannin acted with indecision, wondering if he should go to the aid of the besieged men at the Alamo. Led to believe that they would be released into the United States, they returned to their former fort in Goliad, now their prison. Had Fannin's and Miller's men been dumped on the wharves at New Orleans penniless, homesick, humiliated, and distressed, and each with his separate tale of Texas mismanagement and incompetence, Texas prestige in the United States would most likely have fallen, along with sources of help. On March 19, Urrea surrounded the small column of rebel soldiers on an open prairie, where they were trapped without food, water, or cover. READ MORE: 6 Things You May Not Know About Santa Anna. on Twitter at @DrBuckinghamTX. Belatedly, Fannin attempted to fall back from the approaching Mexican army, but his retreat order came too late. Victoria Advocate, January 3, 1932, 88th Anniversary Number, September 28, 1934. However, on the morning of March 6, 1836, an eye witness (San Antonio merchant Nathaniel "Nat" Lewis) claims to have observed Ward to be sober and calm standing guard at the main gate battery of the Alamo. His literary contributions, including Early Times in Texas, were said to have inspired the famous short story writer (and one-time GLO employee) O. Henry. Roth is not included on most lists of Alamo defenders. He called Texas one of the fines (sic) country I have ever seen and vowed to live to see the liberty of Texas. The 115 names on that list were supplied by couriers John Smith and Gerald Navan. On March 27, 1836, over 350 Texian soldiers were murdered by Mexican firing squads near Goliad after having surrendered days Pedro (Luis?) Robert M. Coleman's company, then reinlisted. Though not as salient as the battle When Bowie was elected commander of the Alamo shortly after, Bowie became very drunk and freed Fuentes. If you change your mind, you can easily unsubscribe. "The Alamo and the Texas War of Independence, September 30, 1835 to April 21, 1836: Heroes, Myths, and History". resident, fought at Bexar, badly wounded, joined Chenoweth's company, fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo with Bexar Guards,( A Mitchell was killed defending Juana Alsbury), fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo with Carey,( A Mitchell was killed defending Juana Alsbury), fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo with Blazeby, fought at Bexar, former Chenoweth's N.O. He can be reached atmrosenberg@vicad.comor 361-574-1264 or on Twitter at @markrosenberg32. Webgoliad massacre list of victims. After an escape at Salado, Tamaulipas, on February 11, 1843, some 176 of the men were recaptured within about a week. In mid-February he led a massive Mexican army across the Rio Grande, and after a 13-day siege of the Alamo, crushed the rebels in San Antonio. Taylor, Edward, unknown, San Felipe resident, formerly Alabama, courier, left on February 23, killed by Woll's men 1842, unknown, Gonzales resident, (Sowell, Smith, and Lockhart possibly guided the, In September 1835, A.J, Sowell joined with John N. Sowell (one of the "Old Eighteen") who refused to relinquish the. Arrived at the Alamo on March 1 as commander of the Gonzales Ranging Company of Mounted Volunteers, (the "Immortal 32" Gonzales Mounted Rangers). Fannin's men had agreed upon and reduced to writing the terms upon which they proposed to capitulate. 18121836). We need your support because we are a non-profit organization that relies upon contributions from our community in order to record and preserve the history of our state. WebThe Goliad massacre, set in the town of Goliad on March 27,1836, was a killing of Republic of the Texas soldier-prisoners and their commander, James Fannin, during the Texas Revolution by the Mexican Army under orders from General and President of Mexico Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. "Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution". The Mexican soldiers at La Bahia returned to the funeral pyres and gathered up any visible remains of the Texians and re-burned any evidence of the bodies. [2] In November 1835, John C. Duval volunteered for a company organized in Kentucky by his brother, Burr H. Duval, with the plan to go to fight in Texas. The first report of the names of the Texian victims of the battle came in the March 24, 1836 issue of the Telegraph and Texas Register. What possibly could go wrong? They were among at least 350 men killed in the massacre at Goliad March 27, 1836, just three weeks after the fall of the Alamo. This may have been correct. rode in with Breece's N.O.Greys, fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo, joined Vol. Cody Mobley, who serves as a Texas Historical Commission site manager at Fort McKavett, drove four hours to portray Rusk at the living history event. He was captured at Goliad; WebGoliad Massacre: "List of Texans Murdered by order of Santa Anna at Goliad Tex March 27, 1836." [citation needed]. [citation needed], On March 22, William Ward and the Georgia Battalion (80 men plus Ward) surrendered after escaping from the Battle of Refugio. Texan sources specify the number of prisoners as 407, exclusive of Miller's men. Thirty nine were killed inside the fort, under the direction of Captain Carolino Huerta of the Tres Villas battalion, with Colonel Garay saving one. WebThe Goliad massacre was an event that occurred on March 27, 1836, during the Texas Revolution, followed the Battle of Goliad in which 425-445 prisoners of war from the Texian Army of the Republic of Texas were killed by the Mexican Army in The death toll would have been even higher if not for a This list may not On the other hand, Maj. Juan Jos Holsinger, one of the Mexican commissioners, lulled their suspicions by entering the Texan lines with the greeting, "Well, gentlemen! [6], The entire Texian force was killed except for twenty-eight men who feigned death and escaped. Our tribute of respect is due to them.. King County was named in his honor. Colonel Jos Nicols de la Portilla under orders of the President of Mexico, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. [1], Kentucky, Logan County !Logan County, Kentucky, William B. Several of the survivors of the massacre were present at the funeral speech, McMahon explained. "," [12] (accessed September 4, 2010). From two groups shot on the river roads, those not instantly killed fled to the woods along the stream, and twenty-four managed to escape. Document # 1: THE BATTLE of Coleto Creek John Shackelford 's Red Rovers and Ira J. Westover's regulars were marched southwestwardly along the San Patricio road. The execution of James W. Fannin, Jr.'s command in the Goliad Massacre was not without precedent, however, and Mexican president and general Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna, who ultimately ordered the exterminations, was operating within Mexican law. This order was received on March 26 by Col. Jos Nicols de la Portilla, whom Urrea had left at Goliad. At the Goliad Massacre, Santa Anna ordered the execution of Col. James Fannin and almost 350 of his men. He recalled that on the morning of March 27, 1836, a Mexican officer told the men to get ready for a march. Kentucky volunteer told of harsh conditions before Goliad massacre in 1836. One of the Old Eighteen who refused to relinquish a cannon, leading to the Battle of Gonzales. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/black-bean-episode. Johnson and five others had also been captured but escaped and rejoined James Fannin's command at Goliad. Brought in the 18 pounder cannon. They said they saw a great black cloud over the fort here, said David Vickers, one of the re-enactors.

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