jujube tree root system

& Liu, M. Analysis of triterpenoid acids in Chinese jujube. The male sterility and kernelless traits are controlled by homozygous recessive genes, and some QTL loci of quantitative traits have also been identified92,93,94,95. Tortuosa), f. lageniformis (Nakai) Kitag. anucleatus Y. G. Chen). For Sci 48:7784, Jose S, Gillespie AR, Seifert JR, Mengel DB, Pope PE (2000) Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the mid-western USA. Jujube is highly tolerant of drought, infertility and salinity, and has low demands for water and fertilizers4 (Table 1). Agrofor Syst 69:107116. In the Book of Songs, published 3000 YA, it is clearly mentioned that jujubes were already widely cultivated in China. A technique for the sorted extraction and comprehensive wasteless utilization of the main functional components of jujube has been developed on the basis of systematic nutrient composition analysis54,138,139. They rely on increased chemical input and are not environmentally friendly. The jujube tree is a well-known example of one such species. It was discovered that an autotetraploid sour jujube had higher tolerance to salinity than the diploid, and its preliminary molecular mechanism was illustrated80,81. Since it was introduced into neighboring countries such as Korea and Japan 2000 years ago, jujube has spread to at least 48 countries, commercial jujube cultivation has developed at different levels in China, South Korea, Iran, Israel, the United States, Italy, Australia, and other countires2,3,6,7,8. Genome-wide identification and analysis of MAPK and MAPKK gene family in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Establishment of embryo culture technical system of Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.). The subdivisions of Z. jujuba Mill. Acta Hortic. Internet Explorer). Hebei12, 19 (1989). At present, the jujube industry in China has entered a new era of transformation, upgrading, and globalization150,151. Jiangxiensis35, 935939 (2013). Regarding the taxonomic relationship between jujube and sour jujube (Z acidojujuba Cheng et LiuZ. The joint map across the 12 linkage groups (the same as the basic chromosome number in jujube) spanned 1020.22cM, with a mean marker distance of 0.32cM. We offer the two sizes in the 'Air-Pot Garden' range that are best-suited for the young jujube trees we sell. var. Yao, S. Past, present, and future of jujubesChinese dates in the United States. 0perennial shoot system in the dormant season, 1primary shoot, 2secondary shoot, 3mother-bearing shoot, 4fruit-bearing shoot, 5inflorescence, 6young fruit, 7longitudinal section of mature fruit, 8stone and kernel, 9the diverse shapes of jujube fruits, 10photograph of fruiting jujube. The jujube genome provides insights into genome evolution and the domestication of sweetness/acidity taste in fruit trees. J. Slider with three articles shown per slide. After the Asian Olympic Games in Beijing in 1990, dense cultivation was developed for dwarf fresh jujube, and even superdense plantings (grass orchards) with densities of up to 15,000 plants per hectare were established. Stnic, F. Chinese date (jujube)a new promising fruit plant for Romania. Food, Agric. and Z. acidojujuba Liu et Cheng67,68. Liu, M. Technical Manual for Quality Production in Chinese Jujube (China Agriculture Press, 2004). High-density planting and protected cultivation systems have also been applied commercially after the beginning of the 21st century. Juice obtained from the fruits is used in making small . (7) Nontraditional research fields: integrating the whole industry chain, the new fields of value-added products, related advanced technologies, and technical standards. Storage Process3, 1012 (2002). carnosicalycis Wang), f. allochroa Cheng et Liu, f. heteroformis Cheng et Liu (Z. jujuba Mill. Li, C. Dormant Characteristic and Temperature Management Investigation Analysis of Zizyphus Jujuba Mill. Wang, N., Liu, M., Dai, L. & Qin, Z. Sin.36, 196200 (2003). This period has not yet ended, and there is still a long way to go before establishing a modern technology system for jujube. Agr. Pap. The process of in vivio induction of homogeneous polyploids via calluses in jujube. Sin.42, 16831698 (2015). Technol.33, 396402 (2015). Q: Are Jujube trees invasive? Environ. The fruits are smaller and not so sweet. In vitro induction of tetraploid Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var. To meet the needs of large-scale development, grafting propagation with sour jujube as the rootstock has been widely used since the late 1980s. Morphological, cytological and nutritional changes of autotetraploid compared to its diploid counterpart in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Int.39, 917923 (2006). Ser. Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family and their positive responses to phytoplasma invasion in Chinese jujube. It takes ~1 month for natural drying or air drying to be complete, while the time required can be reduced to 1 day or even less with artificial drying. For Ecol Manag 83:171180, Dhima KV, Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou LB, Dordsas CA (2007) Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratios. Jinsixiaozao. Sci. Zhang, Z. Optimization of A High-density Genetic Map for Chinese Jujube and QTL Mapping for Several Important Traits. Compd.43, 374376 (2007). Dried Chinese Jujubes (Standards Press of China, 2009). Acta Hortic. For Ecol Manag 16:269279, Mead R, Willey RW (1980) The concept of a land equivalent ratio and advantages in yields from intercropping. Among them, the tetraploids Chenguang, Hongguang, Riguang, and Zhuguang, bred by Hebei Agricultural University, have been awarded new plant variety rights by the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau of China. The evapotranspiration of jujube root zone was calcu lated by water . Hypobaric storage can delay ripening and aging and inhibit the fermentation of jujube fruit by providing low-temperature, low-oxygen storage conditions123. Luo, Z. et al. Univ. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Chem. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between root distribution and interspecific interactions between intercropped jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Xue, C. et al. Jujube tree yields in dryland saline soils are restricted by water shortages and soil salinity. To date, cultivation technology systems have been established for the leading cultivars in their main growing areas with their own characteristics. Xue, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, P. & Wang, L. Effect of hypobaric storage on physiological and biochemical changes of Dong jujube fruit during cold storage. In this period, the modern jujube industry system was initially established by the application of modern scientific technology. This may be due to the increase d water absorption ca pacity of the root system caused by severe . Method 1: Hybrids are produced by using a male-sterile variety as the female parent and a variety with high pollen viability and compatibility as the male parent20,84. The traditional production technology maturation period (Northern Wei Dynastythe founding of the Peoples Republic of China, or 500 CE1949 CE). Liu, M., Zhao, J., Wang, J., Liu, Z. Effect of root pruning on competitive abilityin Chinese jujube tree After entering the 21st century, in the desert of southern Xinjiang Province, China, a novel cultivation model for high early yields and high fruit quality was established. Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, M. & Qian, J. Li, D. Descriptors and Data Standard for Chinese Jujube (China Agriculture Press, 2006). Hortic. volume87,pages 929939 (2013)Cite this article. Liu, Q. Even though agronomists have considered the spatial root distribution of plants to be important for interspecific interactions in agricultural intercropping, few experimental studies have quantified patterns of root distribution and their impacts on interspecific interactions in agroforestry systems. Like many other deciduous fruit trees, jujubes are often propagated by grafting two genotypes or cultivars together. At present, it is one of the main cultivated fruit species, the foremost dried fruit in terms of production, and the main income source of ~20 million farmers in China2,3. Fresh jujube fruit can be kept fresh for 24 months under controlled atmosphere storage or controlled freezing-point storage. The traditional production technology development period (end of Han DynastyNorthern Wei Dynasty, or 1 CE500 CE). Dicianu, E. D., Ivan, E. ., Jerca, I. O., Ciceoi, R. & Stnic, F. Morphometric and phytopathological analysis of Romanian jujube fruits during the storage period. Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding (2019). North. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. J. Anhui Agric. & Tian, C. Study on the effect of the different heating processes on the quality of the Chinese date. The contents of sugar, vitamin C, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are around 2, 100, and 1000 times those of apple, respectively. Effect of rain shelter cultivation of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. & Huang, J. Sin.31, 647650 (2004). Bi, J., Yu, J., Bai, S., Wang, P. & Ding, Y. Third, jujube fruit can satisfactorily meet the various needs of marketers. Shu, J. Its fruit is smooth and bright, like a large red pearl. Spectr. CAS Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube, we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit. found that the respiration rate, ethylene release, and cell membrane permeability of Dongzao stored at 00.5C were significantly inhibited compared with those of jujube stored at room temperature121. Mingxin Guo, Zhongren Zhang, Xusheng Zhao, Vance M. Whitaker, Steven J. Knapp, Sujeet Verma, Amy F. Iezzoni, Jim McFerson, Cameron Peace, Maria Jos Aranzana, Vronique Decroocq, Pere Ars, Weijian Zhuang, Hua Chen, Rajeev K. Varshney, Ratan Chopra, Evan B. Johnson, M. David Marks, Horticulture Research Agrofor Syst 55:125137, Garca-Barrios L, Ong CK (2004) Ecological interactions in simultaneous agroforestry systems in the tropics: management lessons. Jujube Tree Roots. Sugar transport played a more important role than sugar biosynthesis in fruit sugar accumulation during Chinese jujube domestication. Rep.7, 1025 (2017). Xue, C. et al. 3. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing (2016). Agrofor Syst 80:3340, Schroth G (1999) A review of belowground interactions in agroforestry, focussing on mechanisms and management options. In recent decades, agroforestry has been rapidly Roots were sampled by auger in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old jujube tree/wheat intercropping and in sole wheat and 2-, 4- and 6-year-old sole jujube down to 100cm depth in the soil profile. Liu, X., Li, H., Liu, Z., Zhao, J. Google Scholar. (5) Macroscopic research on jujube is still quite weak, and the existing studies in nontraditional fields such as ecological and cultural studies and the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries are insufficient. Sci. The cultivation of fresh jujubes in plastic shelters has resulted in great success in rainy southern China108; this method can greatly reduce the fruit cracking caused by rain at the maturity stage from 70 to <10%. Guo, Y. The Indian, or cottony, jujube (Z. mauritiana) differs from the common jujube in having leaves that are woolly beneath instead of smooth. Acta Hortic. Agric. Studies on the storage and fresh-keeping of Chinese date (Ziziphus jujuba Mill). What is the best way to plant a jujube tree? Ciceoi, R., Dobrin, I., Mardare, E. S., Dicianu, E. D. & Stnic, F. Emerging pests of Ziziphus jujuba crop in. J. Res.17, 307313 (1999). Agric. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Wang et al. In vivo fast induction of homogeneous autopolyploids via callus in sour jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba Cheng et Liu). Competition for nitrogen and litter decomposition dynamics. Farm Prod. Silvae Sin.45, 4449 (2009). C.J. Excavation and SSR identification of polyploidy germplasm resources in jujube trees. Solar greenhouse cultivation techniques for table cultivars of Chinese jujube in Taihang mountain area. In the past 30 years, a total of ~200 new cultivars with large fruit, good fruit quality, high resistance to diseases, and varying uses and maturity times were released through polyploid breeding or selection from seedlings, bud mutants, and local germplasms2. This chapter focuses on the disease management using antibiotics and resistant . ISSN 2662-6810 (print), The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00346-5, Germplasm resources and genetic breeding of Paeonia: a systematic review, Comparative population genomics dissects the genetic basis of seven domestication traits in jujube, A roadmap for research in octoploid strawberry, Advancing crop genomics from lab to field, RosBREED: bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops, Prunus genetics and applications after de novo genome sequencing: achievements and prospects, The genome of cultivated peanut provides insight into legume karyotypes, polyploid evolution and crop domestication, An update on the arsenal: mining resistance genes for disease management of Brassica crops in the genomic era, Identification and stacking of crucial traits required for the domestication of pennycress, http://jujube.genomics.cn/page/species/index.jsp, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Identification and expression analysis of BURP domain-containing genes in jujube and their involvement in low temperature and drought response, Comparison of ascorbate metabolism in fruits of two jujube species with differences in ascorbic acid content, Genomic constitution and relationships of Ziziphus species collected from Malakand Division, Pakistan, Multiple responses contribute to the enhanced drought tolerance of the autotetraploid Ziziphus jujuba Mill. In vitro tetraploid induction of Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao and Z. acidojujuba (Z. spinosa Hu) with colchicine. & Wang, Y. Chinese Fruit Trees Record-Chinese Jujube (China Forestry Publishing House, 1993). Jujube Tree Roots Zhang, C., Bian, Y., Hou, S. & Li, X. Huang, W., Wang, S. & Guo, H. Advances on cutting propagation techniques of Chinese jujube. Liu, X., Chen, L., Wang, J., Li, L. & Peng, J. However, green shoot cuttings (semilignified primary extension shoots, secondary shoots, and bearing shoots) root much more easily and have a high reproductive coefficient. Neolithic charred fruits and pits of jujube unearthed in Peiligang, Mixian County, Henan Province, China, indicate that Chinese people had begun to pick and use jujubes and domesticate jujube trees at least 7240 years ago. in Bucureti area. and cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Its flower bud differentiation and fruit set habit are also very distinct, with a short flower bud differentiation time (10 days), a 2-month flowering season, and a low fruit set of only ~1%. The small yellow flowers are followed by dark brown, round to oblong fruits the size of small plums. Optimization of extraction conditions of -carotene in Chinese jujube fruits. Model checking. Sin.41, 14951510 (2014). Corrections? Pap. Acta Hortic. Resour.10, 121125 (2009). Exp Agric 16:217228, Ong CK, Black CR, Marshall FM, Corlett JE (1996) Principles of resource capture and utilization of light and water. var. Analysis of QTL for needle length in Chinese jujube. 7. of 0-100 cm jujube trees. At the same time, traditional sparse planting systems with large crowns (row spacing and plant height above 5m) and intercropping jujubes with cereal crops (row spacing 12m) were replaced by dense dwarf planting (2m3m) and monoculture orchards. In August 2010 (the jujube tree fruit setting period), shovels were used to excavate one trench for each age of stand, measuring 6 m length (three . Plant Cell Tiss. Agrofor Syst 60:167179, Yin R, He Q (1997) The spatial and temporal effects of Paulownia intercropping: the case of northern China. Competitive interaction in jujube tree/cotton agroforestry system in & Meng, X. Actuality and development of jujube grader. It's just a better tree for in-ground planting. Content variation of water soluble polysaccharides during fruit development in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Environ.11, 405409 (2013). Fruit. Han, Z., Yuan, D., Chen, W. & Chen, Y. This is a result of several key obstacles, including the extreme difficulty of emasculation of small flowers (~5mm in diameter), the low fruit-setting rate (only ~1%) and the high embryo abortion rate. Qi, J. et al. It would take some serious pruning to keep the tree at a small size and to keep the root system managed. Chen, G., Zhang, Z., Ma, J., Zhao, L. & Cao, L. Studies on postharvest physiology and storage technology of Dongzao. The classification system for the Ziziphus genus was proposed based on field investigations, textual research on specimens and historical documents65. Solar greenhouses along hillsides facing the sun in the Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province have the advantages of lower investment costs, better sunlight, and much better heat retaining properties than a traditional greenhouse by using the mountain as the back wall of the greenhouses107. Sin.46, 49684976 (2013). An excellent new cultivar of Chinese jujube with high resistance to jujube witches broom disease Xingguang. A: In some cases, the Jujube tree is considered invasive in Texas.It has a very strong, contorted root system and will try to get to water no matter what. tortuosa Hort., Z. jujuba Mill. Anther/pollen culture has also been practiced in jujube, and some plants have been generated from pollen73,83. (8) International exchange and cooperation: enhancing global jujube research, production, and marketing; promoting more international research, including multicountry, multisite variety, and technology testing, within bilateral agreements and especially with the help of the Jujube Working Group of the International Society for Horticultural Sciences. A gene block located in the region from 9.20 to 14.68Mb of pseudochromosome 1 is highly conserved and contains many genes related to sugar metabolism and stress tolerance. Jinsixiaozao hort. Stnic, F. Preliminary results regarding the behaviour of some Chinese date varieties (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Recently, some excellent new cultivars for fresh eating, such as Jinsi 4, Yueguang, Zaohongmi, Zaocumi, and Zaoqiuhong, and some for dehydration, such as Yuangling 2, Shuguang, Zanshuo, Yushuai, and Linhuang 1, with larger fruit, higher quality and higher resistance to fruit diseases than traditional cultivars, have become the dominant cultivars.

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