coastal plain industries

CISA, 2016: The South Carolina Floods of October 2015. The amount of confidence associated with the historical rate of global sea level rise is impacted by the sparsity of tide gauge records and historical proxies as well as different statistical approaches for estimating sea level change. Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA), Climate Resilience Pilot Program, Washington, DC, 4 pp. The ecosystems of the Mississippi River Delta provide at least $12$47 billion (in 2017 dollars) in benefits to people each year.155 These benefits include hurricane storm protection, water supply, furs, habitat, climate stability, and waste treatment. Sakai, A., and W. Larcher, 1987: Frost Survival of Plants: Responses and Adaptation to Freezing Stress. The Southeast is the region of the country with the most favorable conditions for this mosquito and thus faces the greatest threat from diseases the mosquito carries.30 Climate change is expected to make conditions more suitable for transmission of certain vector-borne diseases, including year-round transmission in southern Florida. North Carolina regions by county. There are limited studies documenting direct connections between climate changes and economic impacts. Stein, B. SSRN, 64 pp. Supplement to State of the Climate: National Overview for May 2016. Townsend, E., and M. Tomasic, 2017: S.C. doi: Sallenger, A. H., K. S. Doran, and P. A. Howd, 2012: Hotspot of accelerated sea-level rise on the Atlantic coast of North America. 8: Coastal, KM 2; Ch. Consider a single shrimper with a 20-foot boat who can haul in 2,000 pounds of shrimp in a night. https://factfinder.census.gov. Williams, J. W., and S. T. Jackson, 2007: Novel climates, no-analog communities, and ecological surprises. doi: Costanza, R., R. de Groot, P. Sutton, S. van der Ploeg, S. J. Anderson, I. Kubiszewski, S. Farber, and R. K. Turner, 2014: Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. If he adds one additional crew member, he wont increase his landings. Manzello, D. P., 2015: Rapid recent warming of coral reefs in the Florida Keys. Many of these urban areas are rapidly growing and offer opportunities to adopt effective adaptation efforts to prevent future negative impacts of climate change. We maintain a massive network of 480+ locations in the U.S. & A. Mendelssohn, and N. Saintilan, 2016: Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea-level rise. WebThe Mesa brand of liquid and solid colorants has a legacy of quality and reliability. 9: Oceans, KM 1). Larcher, W., 2003: Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups. Anderson, D. G., T. G. Bissett, S. J. Yerka, J. J. Sweet, W. V., and J. Flordia Science Source, Ocala, FL,. McNeill, R., D. J. Nelson, and D. Wilson, 2014: Water's edge: The crisis of rising sea levels. Pye, S., A. Dobbins, C. Baffert, Brajkovi, J. , urica, I. Grgurev, vana, R. De Miglio, occo, and P. Deane, 2015: Energy poverty and vulnerable consumers in the energy sector across the EU: Analysis of policies and measures. Vergs, A., P. D. Steinberg, M. E. Hay, A. G. B. Poore, A. H. Campbell, E. Ballesteros, K. L. Heck, D. J. Booth, M. A. Coleman, D. A. Feary, W. Figueira, T. Langlois, E. M. Marzinelli, T. Mizerek, P. J. Mumby, Y. Nakamura, M. Roughan, E. van Sebille, A. S. Gupta, D. A. Smale, F. Tomas, T. Wernberg, and S. K. Wilson, 2014: The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: Climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts. Doyle, T. W., B. Chivoiu, and N. M. Enwright, 2015: Sea-level rise modeling handbook: Resource guide for coastal land managers, engineers, and scientists. Email Fraud Information Voiland, A., 2017: Hot water ahead for Hurricane Irma. The Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) aquifer system occupies a land area of more than 30,000 square miles and a total area of 50,000 square miles along the eastern seaboard of the United States from Long Island, New York, southward to the northeastern part of North Carolina. For example, broadband access is still limited in some rural areas, curtailing the types of businesses that can locate there. Wells typically yield 5-35 gallons per minute. Cities such as Charleston and Miami have already begun to improve storm water infrastructure and explore natural and nature-based infrastructure design to reduce future flood risk. The Coastal Plain Region is usually divided into two sub regions: the Outer Coastal Plain, commonly referred to as the Tidewater; and the Inner Coastal, which is less impacted by the effects of the ocean as it is located further inward. Downsides of this population gain include higher costs of living driven by increased demand for housing and greater traffic congestion. One of the big industries in the Coastal Plains is forestry. 9: Oceans, KM 2).35,252 While adaptation and resilience can moderate climate change impacts, rural areas generally face other stressors, such as poverty and limited access to healthcare, which will make coping to these climate-related challenges more difficult. Many transportation and storm water systems have not been designed to withstand these events. Recently, after nearly 20 years of tribal persistence and two previous efforts, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) through the National Disaster Resilience Competition,78 along with technical assistance from The Rockefeller Foundation, awarded the State of Louisiana $48 million (in 2016 dollars) to implement the Tribes resettlement plan: a community-driven, culturally appropriate, sustainable development-based plan. U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 16 pp. Osland, M. J., N. M. Enwright, R. H. Day, C. A. Gabler, C. L. Stagg, and J. City of Atlanta, 2015: Climate Action Plan. McClenachan, L., G. O'Connor, B. P. Neal, J. M. Pandolfi, and J. WebCoastal Plain (Tidewater) Region - Products: Tobacco products, informational technology - Industries: Federal and state government, farming, horse industry Piedmont Region - Products: Apples - Industries: Recreation, farming Blue Ridge Mountains - Products: Poultry, apples, dairy, beef - Industries: Farming Valley and Ridge Region USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), . Sea level rise will result in the rapid conversion of coastal, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems to tidal saline habitats. Rep. NOS CO-OPS 083. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, MA, 167 pp. The previous record year was 2005 with a total of $214.8 billion (in 2017 dollars; $208.4 billion in 2015 dollars), which included the impacts of Hurricanes Dennis, Katrina, Rita, and Wilma.99, In 2017, Hurricane Irma was one of three major hurricanes to make landfall in the United States and territories, with the most significant impacts occurring in the Southeast region. B. C. Jackson, J. Kleypas, J. M. Lough, P. Marshall, M. Nystrm, S. R. Palumbi, J. M. Pandolfi, B. Rosen, and J. Roughgarden, 2003: Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs. In the future, rising temperatures and increases in the duration and intensity of drought are expected to increase wildfire occurrence and also reduce the effectiveness of prescribed fire practices.3,4,5,6. NWS starts with the assumption that when the average outside temperature is 65F, heating or cooling is not needed in order to be comfortable. In. Engle, V. D., 2011: Estimating the provision of ecosystem services by Gulf of Mexico coastal wetlands. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Atmospheric Programs, Washington, DC, 93 pp. Brown, D. G., K. M. Johnson, T. R. Loveland, and D. M. Theobald, 2005: Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000. Howard, R. J., R. H. Day, K. W. Krauss, A. S. From, L. Allain, and N. Cormier, 2017: Hydrologic restoration in a dynamic subtropical mangrove-to-marsh ecotone. doi: USGCRP, 2017: Scenarios for Climate Assessment and Adaptation [web site]. Plant hardiness zone maps help convey the importance of winter air temperature extremes for species and natural systems in the Southeast. Scientific Investigations Map 3381. 9: Oceans, KM 3).234,235,236 Many species are sensitive to small changes in ocean temperature; hence, the distribution and abundance of marine organisms are expected to be greatly altered by increasing ocean temperatures. In fact, a recent economic study using a higher scenario (RCP8.5)11 suggests that the southern and midwestern populations are likely to suffer the largest losses from projected climate changes in the United States. Oswalt, S. N., W. B. Smith, P. D. Miles, and S. A. Pugh, 2014: Forest Resources of the United States, 2012: A technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 update of the RPA Assessment. Increases in extreme rainfall events and high tide coastal floods due to future climate change will impact the quality of life of permanent residents as well as tourists visiting the low-lying and coastal regions of the Southeast. In addition to providing habitat for fish and wildlife species, ecosystems in the Southeast provide recreational opportunities, improve water quality, provide seafood, reduce erosion, provide timber, support food webs, minimize flooding impacts, and support high rates of carbon sequestration (or storage).118,119,120 These ecological resources that people depend on for livelihoods, protection, and well-being are increasingly at risk from the impacts of climate change. For rural areas located near metropolitan areas, access to urban employment is an important cause of population retention and growth. Many southeastern cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change compared to cities in other regions, with expected impacts to infrastructure and human health. Ozone concentrations would be expected to increase under higher temperatures; however, a variety of factors complicate projections (Ch. The Port of Jacksonville provides raw material for industries, food, clothes, and essential goods to Puerto Rico, thus impacting the U.S. Caribbean region, as well (Ch. Storm surge inundations at Cudjoe and the surrounding Keys were between 5 and 8 feet.100 Prior to landfall in Florida, Irma caused significant damage in the U.S. Virgin Islands and parts of Puerto Rico as a Category 5 hurricane with 185 mph wind speeds (see Ch. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries Division, Austin, TX, 20 pp. A., 1997: A History of Florida Citrus Freezes. WUCA Strategic Planning Committee, 2016: Water Utility Climate Alliance 20172021 Strategic Plan. Its 187-mile (300-km) coastline consists of the. The island has lost 98% of its landmass since 1955 and has only approximately 320 acres (approximately 1/2 square mile) remaining. In fact, the economic structures of rural places increasingly mirror their urban counterparts. The ability to cope with current and potential impacts, such as flooding, is further reduced by limited county resources. Hall, R. Horton, K. Knuuti, R. Moss, J. Obeysekera, A. Sallenger, and J. Weiss, 2012: Global Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States National Climate Assessment. Allen, C. D., A. K. Macalady, H. Chenchouni, D. Bachelet, N. McDowell, M. Vennetier, T. Kitzberger, A. Rigling, D. D. Breshears, E. H. Hogg, P. Gonzalez, R. Fensham, Z. Zhang, J. Castro, N. Demidova, J.-H. Lim, G. Allard, S. W. Running, A. Semerci, and N. Cobb, 2010: A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Reduction of existing stresses can increase resilience. Infrastructure related to drinking water and wastewater treatment also has the potential to be compromised by climate-related events. Recent changes in seasonal temperatures that are critical for plant development will continue to impact regionally important crops. Plants collected from the wild may become less available as the ideal conditions for their growth shift to other areas (see Case Study Mountain Ramps). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 111 pp. Rural America is comprised of three distinct areas: (1) high-amenity rural regions, (2) urban- adjacent rural places, and (3) remote rural communities.2 It is the last that has typically struggled, while rural areas with high amenities and access to urban labor markets generally experience greater population and economic growth than their remote counterparts. NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), Silver Spring, MD, various pp. 1997. Many in rural communities are maintaining connections to traditional livelihoods and relying on natural resources that are inherently vulnerable to climate change. Choose from 63 different sets of term:fishing = industry in the coastal plain region flashcards on Quizlet. Ramps emerge in springtime and provide important nutrients after a long winter with a dearth of fresh vegetables. assessments of likelihood and confidence. Burkett, M., R. R. M. Verchick, and D. Flores, 2017: Reaching higher ground: Avenues to secure and manage new land for communities displaced by climate change. Luedeling, E., E. H. Girvetz, M. A. Semenov, and P. H. Brown, 2011: Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees. The vibrancy and viability of these metropolitan areas, including the people and critical regional resources located in them, are increasingly at risk due to heat, flooding, and vector-borne disease brought about by a changing climate (likely, high confidence). Wise, S., 2017: Virginia Governor declares state of emergency ahead of Hurricane Irma.. NRCS, 2017: Plant profile: Allium tricoccum Aiton ramp. Increases in temperatures, water stress, freeze-free days, drought, and wildfire risks, together with changing conditions for invasive species and the movement of diseases, create a number of potential risks for existing agricultural systems (Ch. Simmons, K. M., J. Czajkowski, and J. (See the dark brown counties in Figure 1.). In addition to plants, warmer winter air temperatures will also affect the movement and interactions between many different kinds of organisms. Partridge, T. F., J. M. Winter, E. C. Osterberg, D. W. Hyndman, A. D. Kendall, and F. J. Magilligan, 2018: Spatially distinct seasonal patterns and forcings of the U.S. warming hole. Houser, T., S. Hsiang, R. Kopp, K. Larsen, M. Delgado, A. Jina, M. Mastrandrea, S. Mohan, R. Muir-Wood, D. J. Rasmussen, J. Persistent rural poverty stands out in the Southeast (Figure 19.22). WebThe Southeasts coastal plain and inland low-lying regions support a rapidly growing population, a tourism economy, critical industries, and important cultural resources that are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Future temperature increases are projected to pose challenges for human health. For example, the distribution of tropical herbivorous fish has been expanding in response to warmer waters, which has resulted in the tropicalization of some temperate marine ecosystems and decreases in the cover of valuable macroalgal plant communities.179 A decrease in the growth of sea turtles in the West Atlantic has been linked to higher ocean temperatures.237 Due to climate change, warming ocean temperatures in the coming decades are expected to transform many marine and coastal ecosystems across the Southeast. B. Hollowed, N. Knowlton, J. Polovina, N. N. Rabalais, W. J. Sydeman, and L. D. Talley, 2012: Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. EPA 800-Q-15-004. Blum, M. D., and H. H. Roberts, 2009: Drowning of the Mississippi Delta due to insufficient sediment supply and global sea-level rise. NOAA National Weather Service, Silver Spring, MD, various pp. Rural communities are integral to the Southeasts cultural heritage and to the strong agricultural and forest products industries across the region. Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies, Washington, DC, 19 pp. A far distance to markets, low population density, and an abundance of natural resources are distinguishing features of rural places. Jankowski, K. L., T. E. Trnqvist, and A. M. Fernandes, 2017: Vulnerability of Louisiana's coastal wetlands to present-day rates of relative sea-level rise. There are many possible future wind and cloud cover conditions for the Southeast as well as the potential for continued shifts in land-use patterns, demographics and population geography, and vehicle and power plant emissions standards. EPA 430R17001. Isle de Jean Charles Tribe, 2017: Bienvenue, Aiokpanchi, Welcome to Isle de Jean Charles [web site]. Jurjonas, M., and E. Seekamp, 2018: Rural coastal community resilience: Assessing a framework in eastern North Carolina. 3: Water, KM 2; Ch. This is the only watershed-level hazard mitigation collaboration of this kind happening in the state and has the support of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, and the Louisiana Office of Community Development.96, Many communities in the Southeast also participate in FEMAs Community Rating System (CRS) program, which provides reduced flood insurance premiums to communities that go above and beyond the minimum National Flood Insurance Program regulation standards.97 Many communities require a safety factor, also known as freeboard, expressed as feet above the base flood elevation, for construction in special flood hazard areas. Ziska, L. H., D. E. Gebhard, D. A. Frenz, S. Faulkner, B. D. Singer, and J. G. Straka, 2003: Cities as harbingers of climate change: Common ragweed, urbanization, and public health. State of Louisiana, . Average global sea level (or global mean sea level; GMSL) has risen about 89 inches since 1880, with about 3 inches of that rise occurring since 1990.51,52 This recent increase in the rate of rise is projected to accelerate in the future due to continuing temperature increases and additional melting of land ice.51 This recent global rate increase, combined with the local effects of vertical land motion (sinking) and oceanographic effects such as changing ocean currents, has caused some areas in the Southeast to experience even higher local rates of sea level rise than the global average.53,54,55,56,57,58,59 Analyses at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tide gauges show as much as 1 to 3 feet of local relative sea level rise in the past 100 years in low-lying areas of the Southeast.54,59 This recent rise in local relative sea level has caused normal high tides to reach critical levels that result in flooding in many coastal areas in the region. Permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. Adaptation, mitigation, and planning efforts are emphasizing co-benefits (positive benefits related to the reduction of greenhouse gases or implementation of adaptation efforts) to help boost the economy while protecting people and infrastructure. Like urban centers, rural areas with significant manufacturing bases develop commerce hubs and advanced supply chains in specific industries to compete with producers globally. Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, various pp. Guo, H., C. Weaver, S. P. Charles, A. Whitt, S. Dastidar, P. D'Odorico, J. D. Fuentes, J. S. Kominoski, A. R. Armitage, and S. C. Pennings, 2017: Coastal regime shifts: Rapid responses of coastal wetlands to changes in mangrove cover. Williams, C. M., H. A. L. Henry, and B. J. Sinclair, 2015: Cold truths: How winter drives responses of terrestrial organisms to climate change. However, for average daily maximum temperature, the summers of the 1930s and 1950s and the falls of the 1930s were warmer on average. Bjorndal, K. A., A. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, 312 pp. Much larger changes are simulated by the late 21st century under the higher scenario (RCP8.5), which most closely tracks with our current consumption of fossil fuels. For example, as of 2010, Latinos made up 20.6% of the population in Duplin County, 16.5% in Sampson, and 14.3% in Greene, whereas they made up 10.2% of the population in metropolitan Wake County. Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, 2017: Louisiana's Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. 11: Urban, KM 2; Ch. More than 70% of precipitation recording locations show upward trends since 1950, although there are downward trends at many stations along and southeast of the Appalachian Mountains and in Florida (Figure 19.3). Neumann, J. E., J. NOAA Tech. Schnell, J. L., and M. J. Prather, 2017: Co-occurrence of extremes in surface ozone, particulate matter, and temperature over eastern North America. Embedded in these land- and seascapes is a rich cultural history developed over generations by the many communities that call this region home. Many southeastern cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change compared to cities in other regions, with expected impacts to infrastructure and human health (very likely, very high confidence). 17: Complex Systems). Anthony, K. R. N., J. 10: Ag & Rural, KM 4).8,9,10 Reducing stress associated with these factors can increase household and community resilience.9,284. UNC, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, Chapel Hill, NC. Enwright, N. M., K. T. Griffith, and M. J. Osland, 2016: Barriers to and opportunities for landward migration of coastal wetlands with sea-level rise. Score, and L. Hilberg, 2017: State of climate adaptation in water resources management: Southeastern United States and U.S. Caribbean. Southeastern cities may be more vulnerable than cities in other regions of the United States due to the climate being more conducive to some vector-borne diseases, the presence of multiple large coastal cities at low elevation that are vulnerable to flooding and storms, and a rapidly growing urban and coastal population.22,295,296, Many city and county governments, utilities, and other government and service organizations have already begun to plan and prepare for the impacts of climate change (e.g., Gregg et al. Field, D. W., A. J. Reyer, P. V. Genovese, and B. D. Shearer, 1991: Coastal wetlands of the United States: An accounting of a valuable national resource. Kirkman, L. K., R. J. Mitchell, R. C. Helton, and M. B. The Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) aquifer system occupies a land area of more than 30,000 square miles and a total area of 50,000 square miles along the eastern seaboard of the United States from Long Island, New York, southward to the northeastern part of North Carolina. In the future, the gravity-driven nature of many of these systems may cease to function as designed, causing rainwater to flood streets and neighborhoods until the tide lowers and water can drain normally. 118. Prestemon, J. P., U. Shankar, A. Xiu, K. Talgo, D. Yang, E. Dixon, D. McKenzie, and K. L. Abt, 2016: Projecting wildfire area burned in the south-eastern United States, 201160. A. Bradley, J. T. Abatzoglou, R. C. Nagy, E. J. Fusco, and A. L. Mahood, 2017: Human-started wildfires expand the fire niche across the United States. The U.S. East Coast, for example, already has 7,508 miles of roadways, including over 400 miles of interstate roadways, currently threatened by high tide coastal flooding (Ch. Doughty, C. L., J. The region is slightly rolling near the midlands and flat toward the coast. Some of the tree types that are found in the Coastal Plains include: , soft maple, hickory, southernyellow pine, maple, black walnut, and bald cypress. Ungerer, M. J., M. P. Ayres, and M. J. Lombardero, 1999: Climate and the northern distribution limits of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Urban and rural areas exist along a continuum from major metro areas to suburbs, small towns, and lightly populated places. NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), Tallahassee, FL. Doney, S. C., V. J. Fabry, R. A. Feely, and J. Sea level rise is already causing an increase in high tide flood events in the Southeast region and is adding to the impact of more extreme coastal flooding events. - Over the past 50 years, the resultant gross damage and lost wages have totaled more than $1.53 billion (dollar year not specified). USGS Professional Paper 1815. Summer increases in dengue cases are expected across every state in the Southeast. Climate model simulations of future conditions project increases in temperature and extreme precipitation for both lower and higher scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5; see Figure 19.5).13,19 After the middle of the 21st century, however, the projected increases are lower for the lower scenario (RCP4.5). U.S. Gonzalez, C. G., A. Kaswan, R. Verchick, Y. Huang, N. Jamhour, and S. Bowen, 2016: Climate Change, Resilience, and Fairness: How Nonstructural Adaptation Can Protect and Empower Socially Vulnerable Communities on the Gulf Coast. USGCRP, 2016: The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Lane, D. R., R. C. Ready, R. W. Buddemeier, J. In particular, coastal cities in the Southeast face multiple climate risks, and many planning efforts are underway in these cities. Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC), Atlanta, GA. Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., P. Willems, J. Olsson, S. Beecham, A. Pathirana, I. Blow Gregersen, H. Madsen, and V.-T.-V. Nguyen, 2013: Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: A review. Climate change is likely to modify the seasonality, distribution, and prevalence of vector-borne diseases in the Southeast.29 Vector-borne diseases pose a greater risk in cities than in rural areas because of higher population densities and other human factors (for example, pools of standing water in man-made structures, such as tires or buckets, are breeding grounds for some species of mosquitoes).

St Michael Orland Park Bulletin, Wooden Police Baton, Articles C