which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism?

In research, cultural relativism is the ideology that what may be observable in research may only make sense from the perspective of the observed culture and cannot be applied to different cultures. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. An example of how cultural relativism is relevant in research is noted by Sternberg (1985), who stated that the meaning of intelligence is different in every culture. Likewise, when researchers apply their theory to another culture, and the results differ from what was the norm in their culture, they state that there is something wrong with that culture. Ethnocentrism as a form of intuition in psychology. Theory & Psychology 13.5 (2003): 673-694. We wouldnt want to think that English is the natural and normative language and all other people should learn it! Ethnocentrism refers to a bias where one's own group is the center of everything. are superior to others. As John A McDonald, Canadas first prime minister, stated: Indian children should be withdrawn as much as possible from the parental influence.. Unlike racial groups, ethnic groups are formed on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics. Japanese Americans c. Furthermore, xenocentrism supports cultural diffusion, or the spread of cultures, which is important for people to develop a deeper understanding and acceptance of diverse ethnic groups. Japanese Americans B) Nicole is highly tolerant toward different cultures and enjoys learning different languages. The belief that cheeses and wines from other countries are superior to the products from your own country. Upholding the sanctity of ones own culture may hinder societal progress and may prevent cooperation between cultures. Most noteworthy are the differences observed in Japanese and German infants compared to American infants. We have this luxury because English is currently the worlds dominant language especially in business interactions. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture. b. Natalie is highly tolerant toward different cultures and enjoys learning different languages. Enjoy subscriber-only access to this articles pdf. Cultural relativism tries to counter ethnocentrism by promoting the understanding of cultural practices that are unfamiliar to other cultures such as eating insects, genocides or genital cutting. However, she describes white athletes as intelligent people who are better suited for decision-making positions. The concept of cross-cultural relationship is the idea that people from different cultures can have relationships that acknowledge, respect and begin to understand each others diverse lives. Given that snails are not smart animals (certainly not as smart as pigs! b. For example, because the grapes from the Champagne region of France are marketed as distinct from all other grapes, only sparkling wine from that region can be called champagne; hence, the very idea of champagne carries a notion of exclusivity, and much of the world supports the xenocentric idea of French champagne as being not only the best, but the one and only. It may lead us to be reluctant to collaborate with or care for other nations cultures and lead migrants to feel like they should assimilate. Affirmative action answer choices A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood. In psychology, ethnocentric behavior can occur when a researcher conducts a study in a particular culture and then states in their findings that their results can be generalized to all cultures. We can see many examples of ethnocentrism in T.V. In fact, xenocentrism can be viewed as a defiant attitude, since it is a departure from social norms and can result in the rejection of one's own nation. Language whether the acquisition of language and its development is similar or different between cultures? Open to learning about and understanding other cultures. While prejudice certainly leads to problems, very rarely in history has ethnocentrism led to the mass slaughter of millions of innocent people at the scale witnessed in Nazi Germany. One of the most prominent examples of ethnocentrism was the Sinocentric system developed out of the idea of the "Mandate of Heaven" proliferated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius. In what way does race differ from ethnicity? When other cultures are observed to differ from the researchers own, they may be regarded negatively, e.g., primitive, degenerate, unsophisticated, undeveloped, etc. They earned fortunes while working in agriculture in the U.S. mainland and in fish canneries in Seattle and Alaska. Better yet, why not turn it into a persuasive speech? What is the Difference Between Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. ethnic group Unlike in ethnic groups, the membership of an individual to a racial group is ascribed from birth. is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. Hofstede added a fifth dimension known as long-term versus short-term orientation which was, What does Porter point to as the reason for Japans success in the postWorld War II, What is the most widely spoken language in the world, and is increasingly becoming the. Furthermore, it is the belief that other cultures are no better or worse than ones own but are equally valid despite their differences. This study was developed to assess the attachment types of infants the sample in this study used all American infants. In order to avoid conflict over culture practices and beliefs, we must all try to be more culturally relative. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora,20(2), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v20i2.7401. Continue with Recommended Cookies. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. But, a Pervuvian might ask: how is eating Guinea Pig different to eating chicken? equalitarian pluralism BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester. As weve seen, such uninformed judgements have had terrible consequences around the world. By understanding what could have been cultural bias, researchers have increased their understanding of the impact of culture, cultural differences, and culture-specific behaviors. They are able to have contact with people from all across the globe as well as being able to hold talks and conferences where researchers from different cultures can meet to discuss ideas. Some of the most famous psychological studies (such as Milgrams, Aschs, and Zimbardos) used only white American males in their samples. While many people may recognize ethnocentricity as problematic, they may not realize it occurs everywhere, both at local and political levels. Chinese Americans Client. Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropologyas well as in colloquial English discoursemeans to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead of using the standards of the particular culture involved.Since this judgment is often negative, some people also use the term to refer to the belief that . Modern researchers are now able to travel a lot more than they would have done in the past. I want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary. The neglected 95% revisited: Is American psychology becoming less American? But, other people might argue that the willingness to protect your own culture is not ethnocentrism because its not saying other cultures are less valuable but rather that yours needs protection. a. d. The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare portrays an intense disagreement between the Jewish character Shylock and the Christian character Antonio. In this example, again, both cultures may use an ethnocentric lens to look at the other culture. For instance, when a non-Indigenous individual wears a headdress, their action is generally viewed as disrespectful, since non-Indigenous people don't have a deep understanding of the distinct knowledge and traditions that Indigenous groups associate with the wearing of a headdress. Types & Benefits of Juvenile Correction Alternatives, The Jurisdictions & Roles of French Local Government, What are Mores? modify some aspects of the stereotype they hold Similarly, an American might turn up their nose at the French eating snails. c. The show is purely a comedy, but theres no doubt this Jewish family thinks their culture is far superior to any Gentiles way of living. The goal is to look at both universal and unique behaviors to establish the ways in which culture has an influence on behavior, relationships, education, etc. Hum. Xenos is a Greek word that means stranger or foreigner; correspondingly, xenocentrism is the preference for another culture or other cultures over one's own culture. The predominant view in psychology has been white, male, mainly from the USA.It means psychologists ignore views, values, language, or culture from elsewhere. The Italians were the first white ethnic immigrants to enter the United States. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Ethnocentric individuals believe theyre better than other individuals for reasons based solely on their heritage. ignore any behavior that contradicts the stereotype a. A) Sarah believes that her opinions and interests are superior to that of her siblings. This would be achieved by removing children from their parents. ), the idea that we would judge or shun their consumption of these animals may just be a knee jerk reaction and not based in logic. a. Ethnocentrism Examples | What is Ethnocentrism? Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism? Simply put, those practicing xenocentrism believe that another culture or other cultures are superior to their own, whereas those practicing ethnocentrism insist that their culture is superior. In the context of Robert K. Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, Antony is a(n) __________. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Which scenario best exemplifies the etic approach? This process will create the tendency of in-group favoritism or bias, as we are likely to favor our own culture and thus accept the cultural practices of our own culture as opposed to that of the other. This scenario best exemplifies __________. Ethnocentrism in psychology can reduce the generalisability of findings since the researchers may not have accounted for cultural diversity. When you grow up only hearing one accent, it starts to feel like that accent is normal and not an accent at all. Ethnocentrism can be avoided or reduced by studying culture using an emic approach. Nicole is highly tolerant toward different cultures and enjoys learning different languages. This has had benefits when it comes to diagnosing mental illness, for example. This had a negative effect on the attitudes of white Americans towards these other groups of people, specifically that they were not as intelligent as them. This has been shown by the country's tendency to dabble in situations occurring in other nations. On an extreme scale, ethnocentrism can lead to prejudice or racism. . a. social protest. This is a common behavior and a sign of connectedness between two people. c. Biocultural Evolution Overview & Impact | What is Biocultural Evolution? The film is a great example of a migrant family who not only wants to retain their cultural heritage but looks upon the dominant culture with suspicion, distaste, and even sometimes scorn. Possessiveness is reflected in the way a child learns the difference between his toys and those that do not belong to him. Ideal vs. Real Culture Overview & Differences | What is Real Culture? Xenocentrism can provide opportunities for people and countries across the world to learn from one another with the goal of supporting diversity and inclusion.

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