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The files show how much the murder of the Tsar and. Investigators turned to the remains of the Tsars brother, George, and extracted a DNA sample. [149] However, in light of Plotnikov's research, the group that carried out the execution consisted almost entirely of ethnic Russians (Nikulin, Medvedev (Kudrin), Ermakov, Vaganov, Kabanov, Medvedev and Netrebin) with the participation of one Jew (Yurovsky) and possibly, one Latvian (Ya.M. [51] In mid-June, nuns from the Novo-Tikhvinsky Monastery also brought the family food on a daily basis, most of which the captors took when it arrived. [80] Yurovsky saw no reason to kill him and wanted him removed before the execution took place.[78]. [13] The Soviet Union did not acknowledge the existence of these remains publicly until 1989 during the glasnost period. (Credit: Public Domain/Wikimedia Commons), Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science news, Want More? The attempted looting, coupled with Ermakov's incompetence and drunken state, convinced Yurovsky to oversee the disposal of the bodies himself. [113], The truck was bogged down in an area of marshy ground near the Gorno-Uralsk railway line, during which all the bodies were unloaded onto carts and taken to the disposal site. [58] There were four machine gun emplacements: one in the bell tower of the Voznesensky Cathedral aimed toward the house; a second in the basement window of the Ipatiev House facing the street; a third monitoring the balcony overlooking the garden at the back of the house;[43] and a fourth in the attic overlooking the intersection, directly above the tsar and tsarina's bedroom. This page was last edited on 30 April 2023, at 15:38. We strive for accuracy and fairness. [1] Having previously seized some jewelry, he suspected more was hidden in their clothes;[35] the bodies were stripped naked in order to obtain the rest (this, along with the mutilations were aimed at preventing investigators from identifying them). Its unclear why the church dragged its feet, but some commentators believe it was an attempt by the church to court Vladimir Putin and his government, who have suggested rehabilitating the Romanov monarchy. [112] Yurovsky maintained control of the situation with great difficulty, eventually getting Ermakov's men to shift some of the bodies from the truck onto the carts. It took multiple attempts and 20 minutes to kill every family member, and Yakov Yurovsky and his men had to use the butts of their guns, bayonets, knives and brute force to finish off the Romanov children and their servants. Both agreed to provide DNA samples. [43] An iron grille was installed on 11 July, after Alexandra had ignored repeated warnings from the commandant, Yakov Yurovsky, not to stand too close to the open window. In 1993, the report of Yakov Yurovsky from 1922 was published. [81], In the commandant's office, Yurovsky assigned victims to each killer before distributing the handguns. As soon as the Czechoslovaks seized Yekaterinburg, his apartment was pillaged. Until 1989, it was the only accepted historical account of the murders. Russian workers and peasants have only one desire: to drive a good aspen-wood stake into this grave cursed by the people.. Nicholas was forbidden to wear epaulettes, and the sentries scrawled lewd drawings on the fence to offend his daughters. . Two of the children were missing, and there were several people claiming to be the long-lost Romanovs. [130], Sokolov ultimately failed to find the concealed burial site on the Koptyaki Road; he photographed the spot as evidence of where the Fiat truck had become stuck on the morning of 19 July. "And the family with him." Speculation arose as to whether she and her brother, Alexei. The skeletons were numbered one through nine. [32] They also listened to the Romanovs' records on the confiscated phonograph. "It's all over," he answered. Finally, they dug another shallow grave, and, after abusing the corpses even more, buried all but two of the family members. The next day, Yakov departed for Moscow with a report to Sverdlov. [27], On 22 March 1917, Tsar Nicholas II, deposed as a monarch and addressed by the sentries as "Nicholas Romanov", was reunited with his family at the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo. and acts as a power station for the cell. Yurovsky returned to the forest at 10 pm on 18 July. The Russian Imperial Romanov family (Nicholas II of Russia, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, and their five children: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei) were shot and bayoneted to death[2][3] by Bolshevik revolutionaries under Yakov Yurovsky on the orders of the Ural Regional Soviet in Yekaterinburg on the night of 1617 July 1918. Dmitry Shlapentokh. [107], Aleksandr Lisitsyn of the Cheka, an essential witness on behalf of Moscow, was designated to promptly dispatch to Sverdlov soon after the executions of Nicholas and Alexandra's politically valuable diaries and letters, which would be published in Russia as soon as possible. [32] The lavatory on the landing was also used by the guards, who scribbled political slogans and crude graffiti on the walls. There they lived in the former governor's mansion in considerable comfort. [16] In 2007, a second, smaller grave which contained the remains of the two Romanov children missing from the larger grave, was discovered by amateur archaeologists;[17][13] they were confirmed to be the remains of Alexei and a sistereither Anastasia or Mariaby DNA analysis. [90][94], The noise of the guns had been heard by households all around, awakening many people. [19], According to the official state version of the Soviet Union, ex-Tsar Nicholas Romanov, along with members of his family and retinue, were executed by firing squad by order of the Ural Regional Soviet. [99] While the bodies were being placed on stretchers, one of the girls cried out (some accounts say two or more) and covered her face with her arm. Tatiana died from a single shot to the back of her head. No excursions to Divine Liturgy at the nearby church were permitted. The examination of Czar Nicholas II's skull by photographic superimposition after the discovery of bones recovered in 1991. [22][23] This is supported by a passage in Leon Trotsky's diary. "[77] The prisoners were told to wait in the cellar room while the truck that would transport them was being brought to the House. The study involved the main experts on the subject historians and archivists. One was the Tsars great niece, and the second was a Duke in Scotland. [96] However, they were speared with bayonets as well. [124] 44 partial bone fragments from both corpses were found in August 2007. But no one knew for sure. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. [79] This claim was consistent with that of a former Kremlin guard, Aleksey Akimov, who in the late 1960s stated that Sverdlov instructed him to send a telegram confirming the CEC's approval of the 'trial' (code for execution) but required that both the written form and ticker tape be returned to him immediately after the message was sent. Their four daughters were named Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia, and their son was named Alexei. But no one knew for sure. The Russian royal family was related to many of Europe's dynasties, and the Bolshevik revolution sent a chill wind through the rest of Europe. They were hired on the understanding that they would be prepared, if necessary, to kill the tsar, about which they were sworn to secrecy. (Photo Credit: Heritage Images/ Getty Images) Alexei was Nicholas and Alexandra's only son and thus the heir to the Romanov throne. The bodies had been dumped together, and they decomposed over time, leaving behind disorganized bone fragments. [64] They agreed that the presidium of the Ural Regional Soviet should organize the practical details for the family's execution and decide the precise day on which it would take place when the military situation dictated it, contacting Moscow for final approval. [111] About .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}800 metres (12 mile) further on, near crossing no. FAYETTEVILLE, N.C. (AP) A police officer and his wife were found shot to death in their North Carolina home after the officer failed to show up for . Born: June 18, 1901, in St. Petersburg, Russia Died: July 17, 1918, in Yekaterinburg, Russia However, Moscow's Basmanny Court ordered the re-opening of the case, saying that a Supreme Court ruling blaming the state for the killings made the deaths of the actual gunmen irrelevant, according to a lawyer for the Tsar's relatives and local news agencies. Were they telling the truth? For decades, two women each claimed they were Anastasia, the youngest Romanov daughter. [171] After forensic examination[172] and DNA identification (partly aided by mitochondrial DNA samples from Prince Phillip),[173] the bodies were laid to rest with state honors in the St. Catherine Chapel of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in Saint Petersburg, where most other Russian monarchs since Peter the Great lie. Erin Blakemore is a journalist from Boulder, Colorado. [32] The number of Ipatiev House guards totaled 300 at the time the imperial family was killed. The skeletons were numbered one through nine. Also murdered that night were members of the imperial entourage who had accompanied them: court physician Eugene Botkin; lady-in-waiting Anna Demidova; footman Alexei Trupp; and head cook Ivan Kharitonov. / : / . [156] Lenin operated with extreme caution, his favored method being to issue instructions in coded telegrams, insisting that the original and even the telegraph ribbon on which it was sent be destroyed. The Red Army was secretive about the executions, and the ruling Communist party didnt permit inquiries into the historic event. The Romanov family was the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia. [114] Yurovsky's men ate hardboiled eggs supplied by the local nuns (food that was meant for the imperial family), while the remainder of Ermakov's men were ordered back to the city as Yurovsky did not trust them and was displeased with their drunkenness. [91] The remaining executioners shot chaotically and over each other's shoulders until the room was so filled with smoke and dust that no one could see anything at all in the darkness nor hear any commands amid the noise. [121], During transportation to the deeper copper mines on the early morning of 19 July, the Fiat truck carrying the bodies got stuck again in mud near Porosenkov Log ("Piglet's Ravine"). [56] The following morning, four housemaids were hired to wash the floors of the Popov House and Ipatiev House; they were the last civilians to see the family alive. The editorial called the czar the personification of the barbarian landowner, of this ignoramus, dimwit, and bloodthirsty savage. The people of Russia had no use for monarchy any more, it continued. [34] The imperial family was subjected to regular searches of their belongings, confiscation of their money for "safekeeping by the Ural Regional Soviet's treasurer",[35] and attempts to remove Alexandra's and her daughters' gold bracelets from their wrists. Behind, from left to right, are their daughters Maria, Olga, and Tatiana.. Forensic genealogists constructed a family tree to determine which relatives of the royal family were still living, and if they would be willing to give a blood sample. John Curtis Perry, Constantine V. Pleshakov, p. 193. [100] After the killings, he was to declare that "The world will never know what we did with them." But Alexei and Marias remains are still being held in a Russian state archivenot buried along with the rest of their family.

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