king jeongjo wrote her epitaph

Seong Yun-u's third wife was Lady Ji of the Danyang Ji clan ( , ). But then, other than Jeongjo, there was no record of kings who made use of this building. Also known by his personal name Lee San or as JeongJo the Great, he was born the son of Crown Prince SaDo and Lady HyeGyeong. Even Lady Hyegyeong and Queen Jeongsuns relationship was not that great either) Jeongjo himself used to be close with Kim Kwi-ju as well, but they grew distant after Kim made a comment against him when Jeongjo was going to wash off records pertaining Crown Prince Sado in the Diary of the Royal Secretariat. [11] He was born as the eldest of three sons and five daughters to his mother, Son Seong-nyeo (, 1873. Was there any other king of Joseon with a tragic family history like Jeongjo? However, her tomb was later reduced to the status of myo. Other than books, nothing can cheer me up during my free time.. Hence, I thought of helping them. Youre welcome! Without any backing, a mere court maid could end up dying without anyone noticing. The proof of Jeongjos love for Munhyo was evident in the way he constructed a new building just for him. In Royal Procession and Banquets: King Jeongjo's 1795 Visit to his Father's Tomb in Hwaseong, we present art relating to royal celebrations surrounding a king's historic . Even Lady Hyegyeong herself praised Uibins beauty. According to her, she was the one who ordered Hong Nagim to approach Jeong Hu-gyeom in order to gain the trust of Princess Hwawan, the closest person to Yeongjo at that time. All the selected concubines during Jeongjos reign were of the highest rankless Bin rank..in other words, it was like having another queen consort who received the treatment as a concubine. At the time of her birth, her family was quite poor and her father worked as a servant for Lady Hyegyeong's father, Hong Bong-han. Concubines would not be able to meet their relatives who did not work in the palace, but Uibin was allowed to meet her family. With the exception in the likes of Lady Jang Huibin, who was the daughter of a wealthy interpreter, court maids were normally from ordinary commoners households. The unborn child died with her. Almost three months later, in late December 1782, her son was given the title of Prince Royal (, ). Being the object of scrutiny and feeling the immense pressure of having Sado as his father, bearing him the title of the criminals son. The beloved author wrote many witty epitaphs but never suggested where her remains should end up. King Jeongjo planted 26.000 trees in the graveyard,[4] which is known today as "Hyochang Park" and is situated in Yongsan District, Seoul. Being trapped as the object of obsession of his aunt, Princess Hwawan. He did not even have any serious illness to the point of him lying down (but even during the healthiest years in his 10s and 20s, he did not have any child). When Jeongjo finally welcomed another son, Sunjo in 1790, he even told Uibin about that through his writings. It was a happy occasion for Jeongjo to have a daughter after gaining a son, which made him complete as a father. She was the daughter of Seong Yun-u (, ), and his second wife, Lady Im of the Buan Im clan ( , ). According to the Rough Drafts of Master Ijae (pen name for Hwang Yun-seok, an official during Jeongjo era; this draft was considered a valuable source of history of late Joseon Dynasty due to its accuracy in dates when compared with the official records), in the 12th month of 1780, Lady Yoon Hwabin was expected to give birth in the 2nd month of 1781, while Uibin (at that time was just a special court lady, the title for a court maid who received the kings grace but had not received an official title for concubine) was also few months pregnant. A few poems, yes but not like this. Perhaps, Uibins empty place was too huge for him to fill in and he just lost his free will. What Jeongjo wrote for Uibin was probably the one and only of its kind; words of a king not from the viewpoint of history but from his heart, about the woman he loved. The official reason for rejection: Queen Hyoui had not given birth to a child yet, so she would not dare to receive his grace. It is recorded that she was pregnant two times between 1780 and 1782, but both pregnancies ended in miscarriage. Yi San. The special treatment for Uibin did not end there. He was the only King of Joseon who documented his personal love story and used the word 'LOVE' ( sarang) in his letters. Jeongjo was rejected twice by a court maid and he had to wait for 15 years until he accepted her. In other words, her family was at a better situation compared to Queen Jeongsun (Gyeongju Kim) and Lady Hyegyeong (Pungsan Hong) at the time they joined the royal family. After that, Jeongjo seemed to have given up on the hope of seeing a child from Queen Hyoui. (Her parents passed away when she was young; her mother died when she was around 4-5 years old, while she lost her father before she turned 20.) In addition to the epitaph and the written prayers, Jeongjo would write something on the memorial of her death anniversary. He is remembered for ordering his only remaining son, Prince Sado, to be buried alive in a rice chest to be starved to death. "Confusion will be my epitaph". Because of this, Queen Hyoui showed signs of pregnancy in 1787 and Jeongjo was elated; however, it turned out to be a false pregnancy and the rumour of her being infertile might be true. However, the name was preserved and the annual rituals continued to be held. ER. It depicts books and other material commodities as symbolic embodiments of . [5] Crown Prince Munhyo was buried next to his uncle, Crown Prince Uiso, while Seong Ui-bin was buried 2 km away, in the concubines' cemetery. While Jeongjo was living apart from his mother Lady Hyegyeong in order to stay by Yeongjos side, Princess Hwawan played the mother part, to the point of driving a wedge between Jeongjo and Queen Hyouis relationship, hence being the reason why Queen Hyoui did not have a good marital harmony with Jeongjo. Ia membuat beberapa upaya untuk mereformasi dan meningkatkan negara Joseon. One could only imagine how precious and intelligent Munhyo would be, being the son of Jeongjo and Uibin. He made various attempts to reform and improve the nation of Korea. Sejong did not take easily take in favoured concubines recklessly when his father Taejong was still alive and only proceeded to have a lot of favoured concubines after Taejongs passing. His son Sunjo too would continue to honour Uibin himself, knowing that she was a precious person to his father. But then, the record of a pregnant court maid suddenly appeared in 1780. Yi San, who was then King Jeongjo, then passed away in the year 1800 at the age of 47. Jeongjo used to visit the House of Hong family (his maternal grandfather, Hong Bong-han's house) from time to time and spent a few days during each visit there in his early years. These days might be the happiest for Jeongjo, when he was living in pure bliss. At that time, Jeongjo was staying in Changdeok Palace. Jeongjo (1752-1800, r. 1776-1800) was the 22nd king of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The king loved his concubine, but did the concubine love the king? [4] Her mortuary was set up at Anhyeon Palace, which was uncommon. Of course, a new building construction could be a necessity, but it was also a way for the king to express his love. Maybe it was something he liked after listening to Uibin while talking with her, or it could be that they just happened to influence each other, ending up sharing the same sentiments which translated into similarity in action and words. He was, after all, the most influential and the wealthiest man, the King of Joseon. Jeongjo was staying at Yeongchunheon, a building so small and old that it was in a worse condition than an ordinary noble house. On July 2, 1784, Yi Sun was invested as Crown Prince (, ), but he died during an epidemic, on June 6, 1786. In 1927, in the records of Japanese government figures prepared by the Inspection Bureau of the Gyeongseong . Being noble in Joseon was not only about inheriting the status but maintaining it. The word ui, carrying the meaning of beauty, harmony, precious, appropriate, mild, and gentle. His endless effort to honour his late father was not only because of his filial piety; among so many theories surrounding Sados death, Jeongjo was well aware that one of them being his mere existence as the alternative to his father. Despite all this, Jeongjo became one of the greatest kings of Korea. The burial was carried out two months later, and the records were mostly empty around that time. King Yeongjo was Crown Prince Sado's father and Lee San's grandfather. I couldnt find the book, the other book I couldnt find translated to english is The Diary of Lady Sukchang. This took place few days after Munhyos birth. ), He interrogated his maternal uncle Hong Nagim himself under the suspicion of conspiring with Jeong Hu-gyeom. As for favoured concubine who was of court maid origin, the highest rank they could attain would be the senior first rank of Bin, which was already so high that not many had achieved that in their lifetime. Uibin was 12 years older than Hwabin. Of course, it was only natural for a king to prefer someone he personally chose instead of the selected concubines, who might appear as his duties to marry. What King JeongJo wrote (The Red Sleeve) - YouTube This video is a translation of what King JeongJo wrote for Concubine Ui after she passed away. They accused him of not treating Uibin well and forcing her to live so frugally that she had to borrow money from other court ladies to survive. Jeongjo had a total of four royal concubines; Lady Hong Wonbin, Lady Yoon Hwabin, Lady Park Subin, and Lady Seong Uibin. From her point of view, she was still in the same conflicting position as the first proposal. King Yeongjo and King Jeongjo led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty. Hong Guk-young exerting influence on the court using his status as Jeongjos right hand man. (Yeongjos lifelong complex was about his birth origin, hence he spent his life honouring his birth mother, Lady Choi Sukbin. It was a rare occurrence for a royal womans personal name to be recorded. After his sisters passing, Hong Guk-young tried to make the son of Jeongjos half-brother Prince Euneon, Prince Sanggye, as his sisters adopted child. Growing distant from his maternal family. Hong Bong-han himself incurred Jeongjos hate when he admitted that he was close with his step-brother. Since it was a sudden promotion to this family, there were people talking about this. Her natal clan Bannam Park was an illustrious one. Crown Prince Munhyo passed away after contracting measles at the age of 5. Lady Seong grew up and Jeongjo started to pursue her seriously. Queen Jeongsun was also close with Subin. Lady Hyegyeong then took the young Lady Seong under her wings and Lady Seong started to serve her. His sister was made the highest-ranked concubine Bin, which caused a conflict between him and Queen Hyoui. Lady Hyegyeong also mentioned the real name of Sados concubines in her Memoirs, although in Sados lifetime, there was only one of his concubines who was officially given a rank. His action caused him to be driven out in Jeongjos third year of reign before he died in his early 30s. King Jeongjo (28 October 1752 - 18 August 1800) was the 22nd ruler of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (r. 1776-1800). This would be the first unofficial record about Uibin. [5] Her tomb was first located on the present grounds of Korea University, Inmyeongwon (; ), but was later moved to Seosamreung (), Wondang-dong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It was dismantled in 1907. King Jeongjo 's Horse. Sado himself went on a killing spree, killing eunuchs and court maids, but because of his status as the Crown Prince, everyone was too busy turning a blind eye and covering the disaster. Hence, for Jeongjo who had no intention of being close with any court maid (for a favoured concubine to be chosen), the only way left to bear an heir would be through the selected concubine. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Royal Noble Consort of the First Senior Rank, Queen Heongyeong of the Pungsan Hong clan, " . It was a very rare occurrence for a king to personally write an epitaph for his concubine. So, it wasnt that Jeongjo liked her because she was young or that he had any unnecessary ambition, but it was because of strong love which made him unable to forget Uibin despite the rejection. But then, there was no exact record of when Lady Seong exactly received grace and most people only found out about her relationship with Jeongjo after she gave birth to her child. Thank you so much for taking the time to provide the historical background and put together this wonderful comprehensive post to explain the records that exist out there. This might be different from the assumption that Uibins family did not receive decent treatment, but it could be that Uibin kept refusing Jeongjos offer and he still wanted to do something for her family, hence the promotions offered to her slightly distant relatives. At the age of 12 (1640), he went down to Pungsan , where Kim Sang-heon was located , to learn. But I fear tomorrow I'll be crying, . It was a fortunate thing that both Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui were gentle and warm around her. Be it the mighty or crawling courtiers, their lives could end with one word from him. The courtiers appealed for a formal congratulations to be offered to Jeongjo, but they had to be mindful of Hwabin since she was expected to give birth around that time. For Uibins personal name (written as Seong Deok-im by Ijae) and the details of her relationship with the king to be included in the personal diaries and records written by officials who held office like the Rough Drafts, it was enough to show that she was being the talk of the court at that time. She was the daughter of Kim Si-muk ( Hangul: , Hanja: ) and his wife Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan ( Hangul: , Hanja: ). The heir everyone was waiting for was finally bestowed by the Heavens in the 6th year of Jeongjos reign through the court maid Lady Seong. Questions? The Tragedy of the Tombs When the second selection for the concubine was about to be held, Jeongjo voiced his reluctance to give his permission, but with the issue of heir at bay, he could not avoid allowing the selection to take place. Regardless of that, even if Lady Hyegyeong happened to give her permission, would Uibin still accept it? King Jeongjo wrote a eulogy (in Korean it is called '') for the deceased Uibin (concubine) Seong (Deokim in 'The Red Sleeve'). Her tomb is known as Uibinmyo (, ). How did people end up concluding that Uibin had two miscarriages before the birth of Munhyo? Her residence Yeonhwadang Hall was the second highest in status (the name dang was below kings residence jeon in status) and she actually began living there from her days as special favoured court lady. After Uibins death in 1786, Lady Park Subin was the selected concubine brought into the palace with the intention of bearing an heir for the nation. Her father died in 1769, at the age of 60. Both of them would be considered middle-aged in a few years time since in that era, crossing 30s would be as the same as people who have reached 40s. Even the modern scholars did not know about his true nature until the appearance of his secret letters exchanged with Shim Hwan-ji, which were discovered in 2009. Normally, even the queens Delivery Office would be set up on the due date itself. According to the records, rehearsals were held thrice before the actual ceremony. I appreciate your translation or summary of the memoirs of King Jeongjo. Seong Yunu's only older sibling and daughter of Kim Mong-seol (, ). He already looked so old when he was still in his late 30s, growing white hairs. It was clear, judging from Jeongjos whole life; he did not really pay much attention to the other concubines. That was done in order to protect Jeongjo himself. 8th day of the 9th month Jeongjo bestowed workers and land for the construction of Munhyos future residence. Jeongjo proposed to Uibin for the second time in 1780, so it was clear that despite the first rejection, his intention to make her his concubine and his feelings towards her never changed. Over the course of seventeen episodes, The Red Sleeve Cuff tells the story of a determined court lady who wanted to protect . In other words, Jeongjo would drop everything in a beat just for Yeongjo, and that was what he mostly did in Yeongjos latter years. To the lonely Jeongjo who spent his whole life studying and alienating himself from the outside world, Hong Guk-young was like Jeongjos eyes, hands, and legs. King JeongJo (his temple name) was the 22nd king of the Joseon Dynasty between the years 1776 and 1800. There was also suspicion of poisoning. 7. One day, this tree suddenly withered. Sunjo was also a precious son born when Jeongjo was already 40, and he remained as Jeongjos only surviving son until Jeongjo passed away. In the end, he was still unable to change the heart of the person he loved and made him punish her servant.. In Lady Hyegyeongs memoirs, it also seems like she didnt say much about Uibin or offer any additional details? Aside from that, he would be writing book summaries and exchanging letters. In 1773, she alongside Princess Cheongyeon and Princess Cheongseon, transcribed the classic novel Gwakjangyangmunrok (comprising 10 volumes, 10 books) to Korean.[1][2]. Hello, did Uibin also deliver the princess at Yeonhwadang? He was there at the burial site, together with Uibin. Maybe it was because of the environment he grew up in, where his parents Crown Prince Sado and Lady Hyegyeongs discord filled his early years. Seeing Uibin cried sorrowfully at their childs tomb, it was just the beginning of Jeongjos lifelong effort in studying and implementing policies to combat measles among the citizens. This was the only Royal Protocols detailing the investiture ceremony for a Crown Prince in Joseon Dynasty. 7th day of the 9th month Jeongjo was happy with the birth of Munhyo. It was said that Lady Seong was the only woman he loved amongst his wives. Hello JoleCoLe, Jeongjo was a real rarity for his love & loyalty for Uibin at the time of his life, even with my modern lenses I still felt the intensity of his love and what meant for him with the things he did for her. Maybe it was also a way for Jeongjo to protect Uibin and Munhyo from scrutiny, since it would make people talk if he happened to raise the status of her immediate family. After invasions from Manchuria, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace. Uibin Seong passed away on September 14th, 1786 (lunar calendar). However, in a royal members case like Jeongjo, who had been married when he was 9 years old, the wedding ceremony would only be considered as complete when he went through the coming-of-age ceremony, for him to consummate the marriage during the first night ritual. Her title Ui was personally chosen by Jeongjo himself. Add the birth and death dates. Four months after the death of her son, Seong Ui-bin died of a disease during the last month of her fifth pregnancy. The future Royal Consort was born on August 6, 1753, during the 29th year of King Yeongjo's reign, into the Changnyeong Seong. As someone who knew best the importance of record-keeping, Jeongjo might had wished that her memories of Uibin in his heart would not just disappear, hence he left behind numerous writings containing records of Uibin. Normally, when a court maid is about to receive the kings grace, the court lady working for him would be informed about the kings intention for the court maid to be escorted to the kings bedchamber to serve him. He even watched over her when she washed. The heir was born, but the officials could not ask for the heir to be named out of consideration for Hwabin, who still had not given birth at that time. In 1762, at the age of ten, she entered the royal palace as a gungnyeo. The mention did grow lesser in numbers when compared to how it was prior to Sunjos birth, but they were still there in the Diary of the Royal Secretariat. Sending his half-brothers into exile on multiple occasions. Her rise through the ranks, despite being formally declared as a concubine after three years, was still considered a fast route. A concubines title would normally be suggested by an official. However, after her death, Jeongjo might had grown closer to Queen Hyoui per Uibins wish on her deathbed. The reason for him to spend so much money was for him to put their tablets at a place nearby Changdeok Palace so that he could visit them regularly. There was rumour about Uibin being a court maid of Lady Yoon at that time, but there was no way of confirming the truth.

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