5 factors affecting political participation

People who have a strong sense of political efficacy, are 1-16. The democratic transition in Jordan started in 1980. (2018), Increasing womens political participation: the role of women-friendly districts, Journal of Representative Democracy, Vol. 3, pp. This practice excludes almost 4 million people from the voting rolls (Human Rights Watch and the Sentencing Project, 2000). (1995), Lawless and Fox (2001) that concluded that wealth, welfare and money affected political participation process. In addition, ethnic groups feel that they are marginalized within society, and they do not receive adequate political attention, So, they are reluctant to participate in voting. This role is partly expressive and partly instrumental. Through this leaders can increase their influence over the citizens and the voter turnout. Nahar, G.S. The political landscape for many African nations does not provide the platforms where citizens can loudly and freely engage with the governments to harness democracy. Not filmed at all was an intoxicated King driving erratically, leading police on an eight-mile, high-speed chase through crowded streets. Leaders frequently are spammed with mass e-mails that are not from their constituents. Others contend that the integrity of the democratic process is at stake and that individuals should not be denied a fundamental right once they have served their time. Congressional Management Foundation, Communicating with Congress: How the Internet Has Changed Citizen Engagement (Washington, DC: Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). Peter D. Hart Research Associates, New Leadership for a New Century (Washington, DC: Public Allies, August 28, 1998). Moreover, the law determines a quota of 15 seats for women in Parliament (Article 8). As there are differences in voter turnout ratio according to age groups, the voting ratio in the age group (23 less than 18years old) was low. Some people may be discouraged from running because the signature requirement seems daunting. What is the probability of the child becoming a strong democrat or strong republican? 11, pp. In the USA, the turnout has been declining since 1972, especially in presidential elections. After reading this section, you should be able to answer the following questions: Americans have many options for taking part in politics, including voting, contacting public officials, campaigning, running for and holding office, protesting, and volunteering. In addition, it led the marginalized groups to be reluctant to participate in the voting. A majority of lower-class persons generally vote for the left parties while the majority of the upper and middle class persons vote for the rightist parties. the USA estrangement about engagement in electoral campaigns and community participation. Gender equality in political participation is a fundamental aspect of modern democratic governance. It was noted that the number of students in the age group (23 less than 30) was a total number of (171) including (141) participated in the voting with (82.5 per cent) in the same category. 89 No. (6) of 2016, articles 3 and 8). Dababneh, A.B. Content Guidelines 2. The United States holds a large number of elections, and each is governed by specific rules and schedules. The more the family income varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of high-income students. These characteristics influence how Protests involve unconventional, and sometimes unlawful, political actions that are undertaken in order to gain rewards from the political and economic system. In addition, the main reason for not voting by females students was inefficiency of candidates for such councils with (42.2 per cent) was the Ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils against (11.9 per cent) for male students. Based on the above: Palmer and Simon (2008) pointed out that difference of regions within the same country affected the political participation of the inhabitants of these regions. In Sweden, women's political participation increased as a result of women's engagement in the public sphere and demonstrations at the rate of 5.5 per cent contrary to the United Kingdom, where women's participation rate in demonstrations was (1.9 per cent) (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 572). In addition, the questionnaire included two section, the first is related to the four factors: Gender (malefemale), Age (8-22years old - 23-30years old), Family Income (less than 500 dinar- 500 less than 700 dinar more than 700 dinar), and regional affiliation (Jordanian Origin - Palestinian Origin). Chapter 1: Communication in the Information Age, Chapter 2: The Constitution and the Structure of Government Power, Chapter 6: Political Culture and Socialization, Chapter 8: Participation, Voting, and Social Movements, Chapter 16: Policymaking and Domestic Policies, Chapter 17: Foreign and National Security Policies, American Government and Politics in the Information Age, http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=1344797n, http://www.civicyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/2010-Exit-Poll-FS-Nov-17-Update.pdf, http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm, http://people-press.org/questions/?qid=1720790&pid=51&ccid=51#top, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Over two hundred websites were established to rally support for protests in Seattle, Washington; Washington, DC; Quebec City, Canada; and other locations. depends on the situation and if the other sex is open minded, American political ideologies and beliefs. The more the gender varies, the more students voting in the elections differs. High socio-economic status is conducive for an increase in the overall amount of political participation. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? It was noted that male students were the most Jordanian university students voting in the elections with (66.2 per cent). As one would expect, those with higher levels of education and income are the most likely to contribute. They make use of new communications technologies to organize protests by forming groups on the Internet. WebKeywords: influential factors, political participation, undergraduates, public universities, Hebei Province 1. Turnout in states that have Election Day registration averages ten points higher than in the rest of the country (Wolfinger & Rosenstone, 1980). There are many different ways that Americans can participate in politics, including voting, joining political parties, volunteering, contacting public officials, contributing money, working in campaigns, holding public office, protesting, and rioting. Pyeatt, N. and Yanus, B. In 2010, only about 23 percent of eligible eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds cast a ballot (Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement). It says that blue collared workers are more likely to be affiliated with the Democratic party, and it says that the Southern region is more Republican. It acts as a powerful reference group in its own right. Some of the factors considered in the examination of data from the 2010 AmericasBarometer survey by LAPOP include wealth, age, sex and educational level. Cf. The Jordanian Constitution and laws have witnessed many amendments to strengthen political participation of all the Jordanian people segments, at the national level (parliament) and the local level (local councils). The protesters demanded many political and economic reforms. Direct mail and e-mail solicitations make fundraising easier, especially when donors can contribute through candidate and political-party websites. Moreover, the electoral system of the country affects the political participation of women. Want to create or adapt books like this? Trust in the ability of candidates to provide services to people, Ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils, Inefficiency of candidates for such councils, Family considerations and kinetic connections. People can engage in nonviolent acts of civil disobedience where they deliberately break a law that they consider to be unjust (Lipsky, 1968). Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press Re-Interview Poll, Nov, 2008, Poll Database, http://people-press.org/questions/?qid=1720790&pid=51&ccid=51#top. Moreover, those with wealth and a high level of well-being within society were the most participants in voting and in practicing political activities. Every day, millions of people voice their opinions to members of Congress. Plagiarism Prevention 4. The United States is one of the few democracies that requires citizens to register themselves rather than having the government take responsibility for automatically registering them. The results showed the following: First: The more the gender varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of male students as there was a gender gap between the voting of male and female students in the national and local elections. Webfactors affecting participation in politics be citizens reactions to government policies and specically whether those policies are consonant with their pre-ferences? Table II shows the results of the analysis of public universities students views on voting in national and local elections according to the age. In addition, there are political factors which lead to marginalize students participating in the political sphere. 2, pp. Being a public official requires a great deal of dedication, time, energy, and money. By 2008, 44 percent of the public had contacted their member of Congress about an issue or concern (Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). About half the population takes part in national and community political affairs by joining an interest group, issue-based organization, civic organization, or political party. People salute the flag and recite the pledge of allegiance at the beginning of a school day, and they sing the national anthem at sporting events. Nahar, G. and Humaidan, R. (2013), The factors affecting the women political participations in Jordanian parliamentary elections (2003-2013), International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. A significant aspect of the relation of the individual to his/her political environment is his/her exposure to the influence of propaganda. Over 90 percent of Americans agree with the principle that citizens have a duty to vote (Flanigan & Zingale, 1999). McDonald, M., Voter Turnout, United States Election Project, http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm. The right to participate is a defining feature of democratic political systems but is not fully exercised. The present study focuses on money (income). It depends upon a variety of factors that influence it. Fifty-four people were killed and two thousand were wounded. Moreover, the voting ratio of the family income group (less than 500 dinars) was low; it was problematic because this group covered the majority of university students. Support activities can lead to active participation, as people learn about issues through these events and decide to become involved. Gender and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, Age and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, Family income and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, Regional affiliation and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections. (2004), Politics of presence: women in the house and symbolic representation, Political Research Quarterly, Vol. There is no consensus among scholars whether to include in its definition illegal as well as legal activity, unsuccessful and successful attempts of influence and involuntary as well as voluntary action. Citizens can show their unhappiness with leadership choices by the symbolic act of not voting. Our study contributes to e-Participation platforms literature by seeking to understand factors affecting the use of e-participation platforms by the citizen. The more the age varies, the more the students voting in the elections differs. The total number of students in the three universities was (177,516) students. The video of the beating of Rodney King in Los Angeles in 1991 sparked riots. How do you think not letting them vote might affect what kind of policy is made. But, in the South there is a high majority of blue collared workers? It has been argued that there is a positive correlation between these two processes and the political participation. Levels of political interest and apathy have often been taken as criteria of participation and non-participation, including party membership, expressed interest in politics and awareness of issues.

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