minorities influence majority opinion primarily through

Baker, S. M., and Petty, R. E. (1994). Today, of course, being Irish is a social boundary mostly reduced to the front of Urban Outfitters T-shirts. eds. Even though it promoted the rights of a minority of the population, the movement helped to end public segregation based on race with the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964. 2. This research has also documented many contingencies for such impact, including newcomers and the existing group members idiosyncratic and shared characteristics (for reviews, see Levine and Prislin, 2013; Levine and Tindale, 2015). Leffet de cryptomnsie sociale [The social cryptomnesia effect]. eds. Thus, immediately in the aftermath of social change whereby minorities become majorities and vice versa (minority majority), the former should react only mildly positively, and the latter should react intensely negatively, toward the group in which they switched positions. In an experiment in which participants were asked to debate issues such as abortion, they found a negative correlation between the number of members holding a majority view and the sway held by minority views. Apparently, a hard-earned social capital in the form of former opponents support paid high dividends as successful minorities became increasingly efficient in their advocacy. Gordijn et al (2002) found that a minority was less influential when the number of members expressing an opinion remained constant or decreased, compared to when members perceived the minority to be increasing in numbers. 13. eds. These hypotheses were tested in a program of research whose multiple studies employed the following procedure: Each study included an experimental creation of opinion-based minority and majority factions within a group. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Yet, the minority seems to be prevailing, giving credence to Mahatma Gandhis saying that fist they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win. Though far from the final win, this evolving minority-inspired social change is real and multifaceted, at least in the developed world. Soc. Many Hispanics identify as white, and marriages between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites make up more than 40 percent of recent interracial marriages. Indeed, it is part of the social psychology canon as evident by its coverage in nearly all social psychology textbooks, handbooks (e.g., Nemeth, 2012; Butera et al., 2017), and encyclopedias (e.g., Crano, 2010). R. M. Sorentino and E. T. Higgins (New York: Guilford Press), 2884. Such support transforms what initially is typically construed as a minoritys subjective proposition into an objectively correct position synonymous with reality (Hardin and Higgins, 1996; Echterhoff and Higgins, 2017). C. K. de Dreu and N. K. de Vries (Oxford, UK: Blackwell), 122159. Moscovici, S., and Prez, J. Because of the earlier discussed asymmetry in reactions to losses and gains, the presumed intensely negative reactions of the former majorities, but only mildly positive reactions of the former minorities, should render the group weak immediately after experiencing social change via conversion. 15, 323355. These patterns of socially regulated persuasiveness were documented by coding video-taped sources verbal advocacy (Study 1) and by coding their written advocacy as well as an independent audiences reactions to their written advocacy (Study 2). Decision making, in Group Processes. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1095, Prislin, R., and Christensen, P. N. (2005a). The effects of differential ascribed category membership and norms of minority influence. Curr. Groups as the minds natural environment, in Evolutionary Social Psychology. doi: 10.1177/0146167291175001, Brodbeck, F. C., Kerschreiter, R., Mojzisch, A., and Schulz-Hardt, S. (2007). Contact Us Yet, a potential majority advocacy for change and, ipso facto, minority advocacy for the status quo (e.g., conservative minorities, see Levine and Kaarbo, 2001) is always an outgrowth of what at the start was a minority idea. One of the reasons that minority influence takes hold is because it goes beyond superficial thinking. WebA minority opinion is an opinion by one or more judges in a legal case who disagree with the decision reached by the majority. P. A. van Lange, E. T. Higgins, and A. W. Kruglanski (New York: Guilford Press), 181201. Bull. R. Martin and M. Hewstone (New York: Psychology Press), 285312. I am not arguing that the Census Bureau should stop collecting this valuable data, la Frances farcical attempt to be secular and race blind. This may be especially true for new majorities (former minorities) who earn their position through social change. Creative problem solving as a result of majority vs minority influence. Majority and minority influence: Source position imbalance as a determinant of message scrutiny. One should never waste a good crisis. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Front. Psychol. ^Social influence research has traditionally assumed that a motive for social acceptance underlies yielding to social influence (Deutsch and Gerard, 1955), not exerting social influence. J. M. Levine (New York: Psychology Press), 165192. What can a person's eyes tell you about what they are thinking? Whereas such conversion is the condition sine qua non for a minority to become a majority, it also signals unreliability and ultimately, instability of the majority position. Emily is in a good mood. Majority and minority influence: A single process, in Group Consensus and Minority Influence: Implications for Innovation. 2, 5158. Mere consensus effects in minority and majority influence, in Group Consensus and Minority Influence: Implications for Innovation. 37, 725746. (1990). Bull. Sci. J. Pers. Therefore, the minority is unable to exert a normative influence on other members. A. They may even besuspicious of a new manager who suggests that they update their manufacturing methods. eds. They exist in research on minority influence, too. doi: 10.1111/josi.12259, Prislin, R., and Filson, J. 42, 2530. The effects of this social change on the new majoritys reactions toward the group in which they prevailed were assessed immediately after the change, and one-, two-, three-, four- and five-weeks after the change. Moscovici, S., and Faucheux, C. (1972). Learn to interpret the hidden meanings behind the themes of your dreams and nightmares. Bull. Moreover, the informational influence strategy may be combined differently with other strategies (e.g., procedural tools, threats, coalition-building) in service of a particular motive. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.88.5.438, Laughlin, P. R., and Ellis, A. L. (1986). Changing majority and minority positions within a group vs. an aggregate. Does brainwashing really exist and how has it been used? The civil rights movement in the United States during the 1950s and 60s used minority influence to gain support for the equal rights of citizens, irrespective of race. Br. In the group, confederates were instructed to misidentify the slides as being green, contrary to participants own observations. Mugny, G. (1982). J. Pers. S. Harkins, K. D. Williams, and J. M. Burger (New York: Oxford University Press), 317337. And heres our email: letters@nytimes.com. Social influence in groups, in Group Processes. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.53.1.41. With much of the competition between the races reducing itself to the warfare of the cradle, he wrote in 1894, no race has any chance to win a great place unless it consists of good breeders as well as of good fighters.. Psychol. Polyphasic sleep patterns, daytime naps and their impact on performance. Latan, B., and Wolf, S. (1981). A. His masterful analysis of change in practically every domain of human activity invariably diagnosed minority influence in its origin. eds. Social identification, self-categorization and social influence. Sign Up. Nemeth, C. J. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.388. People who identify as white hold disproportionate power and resources today, and this pernicious reality seems unlikely to change even if white people do become a 49 percent plurality in about two decades. (2011). Rigidity and minority influence: The influence of the social in social influences, in Perspectives on Minority Influence. The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. J. Appl. Consider various human rights groups in history and in the present (civil rights movement in the 60s, LGBT rights, women's voting rights, Black Lives Matter, etc.). Shared reality: How social verification makes the subjective objective, in Handbook of Motivation and Cognition. Understanding their motivations is in the core of psychological approaches to social action, with different models emphasizing a variety of motives that reflect groups moral, fairness, and identity standards. d. guilt and shame. Minority influence is a type of social influence which results in a change ofviews amongstthe majority of members within a group. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.5, Baumeister, R. F., and Leary, M. R. (1995). These minorities, often primarily motivated to broaden their social acceptance, are likely to seek social change advocating for tolerance. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Shafer, E. S., and Prislin, R. (2011). As we are currently re-evaluating our standards of conduct in light of repeated replication failures, which some label a crisis, it may be an opportune time to re-evaluate the practice of taking publication productivity as a proxy for scientific contribution. Crano, W. D. (2010). Espousing a behavioral style characterized by temporal consistency, internal consensus, and autonomy and investment in their position, even at the price of reprisals, minorities present a force to be reconed with. E. H. Witte and J. H. Davis (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum), 191210. The latter is simply too costly for a frequent-publication dictum (see Levine and Kaarbo, 2001). (2012). Real-life exampleswhere minority influence affects the majoritywithin a group include: 1. (1997). None of the proposed models, however, has been tested empirically outside of computational simulations. Hewstone, M., and Martin, R. (2010). This is not to say that any single influence strategy is associated with any particular single motive; however, the same strategy may be employed differently in service of different motives.

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