bioelectrical impedance pros and cons

quantities of fat mass and fat-free mass) by running a small electrical current through the body. A Sneak Peek into the Pros and Cons of Hydrostatic Weighing A steep increase observed in the trend of physical awareness amidst people has been the motivating factor in the extensive research on the measurement of body composition. Haverkort EB, Reijven PL, Binnekade JM, de van der Schueren MA, Earthman CP, Gouma DJ, de Haan RJ. 502-511, 2001. BIA sends a weak electrical impulse through the body. However, studies that validate the accuracy of BIA exclusively in post-menopausal women are lacking. Expert solutions. For instance, a 2016 study found an association between increased abdominal fat and a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The study mentioned previously on obese subjects [9] reported that in 12 of the 50 participants, BIA underestimated fat mass by 5kg or more. 85-92, 2007. Figure 1. J Clin Med. Anisha Shah, MD, is a board-certified internist, interventional cardiologist, and fellow of the American College of Cardiology. The reliability of BIA Pros of Bioelectrical Impedance Non-invasive: BI does not require the use of needles, X-rays, or other invasive procedures, making it a relatively safe and painless option. Some weight scales also have such technology to measure body fat immediately. . Materials and Methods 45, p. 865, 1987. Body mass index (BMI) uses a persons height and weight to get a general idea of whether their weight is likely to affect their health. As mentioned previously, there are several issues with BIA measurement that may limit its use in an applied setting. FOIA BMC Geriatr. A. Weststrate, I. Paymans and K. Van Der Kooy, Factors affecting bioelectical impedance measurements in humans, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Demura S, Sato S. Comparisons of accuracy of estimating percent body fat by four bioelectrical impedance devices with different frequency and induction system of electrical current. Some researchers also say that ethnicity can affect the accuracy of BIA measurements. It is important that these equations are validated using a total-body, water-based, four-compartment method, in an attempt to minimise the measurement error that is found when equations are based on the two-compartment model; such as hydrostatic weighing. Lean tissues are highly-conductive, as they contain large quantities of water. Dr. Michael Fisher answered Dermatology 34 years experience Skin calliper: Pros:ease of use.Low cost involved.Minimal training necessary.Cons:limited population (if overfat, calipers will not be accurate).Requires the same tr. Results readily available on the computer screen. 2022 Nov 8;11(22):6606. doi: 10.3390/jcm11226606. It does this by combining two measures: a persons mass or weight and their volume. BIA has been compared to the four-compartment model in several studies using various populations. 2. When using the bioelectrical impedance analyzer, the measurement should be done on an empty stomach. First commercially available in the mid-1980s [1], bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is an inexpensive and portable piece of body composition testing equipment. 30, pp. Below is more to help you decide. Some are suitable for use at home or in a doctors office, but others must take place under tightly controlled laboratory conditions. BIA sends a weak electrical impulse through. Video 1. The .gov means its official. Expert Wellness Picks and Advice to Your Inbox, Comparison of Foot-to-Foot and Hand-to-Foot Bioelectrical Impedance Methods in a Population with a Wide Range of Body Mass Indices, Comparisons of accuracy of estimating percent body fat by four bioelectrical impedance devices with different frequency and induction system of electrical current, Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): A proposal for standardization of the classical method in adults, Impact of eating and drinking on body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance, Validity of body-composition methods across racial and ethnic populations. Most scales also cannot tell you where fat is located on your body. As the electrical conductivity is different between various bodily tissues (e.g. Androutsos O, Gerasimidis K, Karanikolou A, Reilly JJ, Edwards CA. The above values make it possible to determine the persons body composition, including their BFP, based on the principle that fat is less dense than muscle. This can have wide-ranging implications, from assessing the efficacy of previous dietary and training interventions to making decisions on the correct interventions moving forward. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a valid method for the assessment of body composition. Verywell Fit's content is for informational and educational purposes only. He has previously supported athletes in a variety of sports including canoeing, boxing, cricket, rugby league, Olympic weightlifting and strongwoman. This is supported by the findings of Van Marken Lichtenbelt et al., [10], who reported an 8% individual error rate when comparing BIA with the four-compartment model. Advances in Nutrition. Like bioelectrical impedance, hydrostatic weighing depends on formulas which aren't quite as perfect as we'd like them to be. Bioelectrical impedance equipments and monitors have become affordable. hand-to-hand, leg-to-leg, supine vs. standing, etc.). Read More Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Not invasive. 903-907, 1989. Hydrostatic underwater weighing (HUW) calculates a persons body density and body volume to estimate their body composition. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. P. Deurenberg, M. Deurenberg-Yap, in Food for the Ageing Population, 2009 9.4.2 Bioelectrical impedance. As reported earlier, error rates can range from 4-8% for individuals, and, therefore, an athlete could have decreased body fat percentage by 4%, whereas there BIA would report that they had gained 4% body fat. Gagnon C, Mnard J, Bourbonnais A, et al. Methodological limitations of BIA may affect the ability of the method to accurately determine body composition. However, studies that validate the accuracy of BIA exclusively in post-menopausal women are lacking. The reliability of BIA measurements is influenced by various factors related to the instrument itself, including electrodes, operator, subject, and environment. Portable (lightweight equipment). 44, pp. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Pros, Cons, and Perspectives Download PDF. A. Jebb, T. J. Cole, D. Doman, P. R. Murgatroyd and A. M. Prentice, Evaluation of the novel Tanita body-fat analyser to measure body composition by comparison with a four-compartment model, British Journal of Nutrition, vol. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an easy-to-use and low-cost method for the estimation of fat-free mass (FFM) in physiological and pathological conditions. However, body fat scales are not an accurate method for estimating BFP. What are the pros and cons of BIA? BIA assumes that the human body is composed of a series of cylinders, uniform in shape, length, cross-sectional area, and with constant conductivity. In addition, other factors may affect a reading when you use a BIA scale. The primary advantage of using body fat scales at home is convenience. 15, no. Test type Pros Cons; Bioelectrical impedance analysis: Inexpensive equipment. BMI has become a standard health assessment tool in my radiation oncology office and many healthcare facilities. The results can be affected by factors such as hydration levels, menstrual cycle, and recent exercise, and the accuracy of the results may vary depending on the specific device used. Since your muscles contain mostly water, they have less resistance to this electrical current. 2023 Jan 6;10:1056123. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1056123. The a Some experts say that segmental fat analysis (using hand-foot BIA) is more accurate because hand-hand devices primarily measure the upper body, while foot-foot scales primarily measure the lower body. There are factors that BMI does not reflect, such as muscle mass. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. BodPod, skinfold, BIA and hydrostatic weighing) Download PDF. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a safe and cost-efficient method that avoids exposure to radiation and is used to measure body composition [49]. 2018 Feb;37(1):292-300. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.028. Body fat scales provide a rough estimate of a persons BFP. Sun et al., [7] validated BIA equations using the four-compartment model and reported that the equation was sufficient for use in epidemiological research studies to assess populations with normal levels of body composition. 115-122, 2000. Body fat (adipose tissue) causes greater resistance (impedance) than lean mass and slows the rate at which the current travels. The two contact points on a typical BIA scale are your two feet (called foot-footbioelectrical impedance analysis). It measures body fat in relation to lean body mass and is said to be more accurate than BMI testing. Keep in mind that they are not likely to be very accurate but you can use them to track changes over time. No alcohol is allowed in the 24 hours before the test. As electrical current follows the path of least resistance, some scales may send current through the lower-body only, missing the upper-body entirely. Rder H, Kvrner AS, Henriksen C, Florholmen G, Henriksen HB, Bhn SK, Paur I, Smeland S, Blomhoff R. Clin Nutr. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple, inexpensive, quick and non-invasive technique for measuring body composition. For example, an athlete may be singled-out for interventions to reduce their body fat based on their BIA assessment and normative values, yet other methods may suggest that their body composition is optimal. An official website of the United States government. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a valid method for the assessment of body composition. Some studies showed that bioelectrical impedance analysis is a reasonably accurate method for estimating body fat. Use a BIA Scale to Meet Fitness and Weight Loss Goals. No radiation exposure. Several BIA prediction equations exist for the estimation of FFM, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), or appendicular SMM. The device then uses other data such as your height, gender, andweight measurements to determine your body fat percentage. 4, pp. 56, pp. R. Segal, J. Wang, B. Gutin, R. N. Pierson and T. Van Italie, Hydration and potassium content of lean body mass: effects of body fat, sex and age, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. When you step on the scale, a small electrical current runs up through your leg and across your. . What Is Body Mass Index (BMI) and What Does It Measure? C. Lukaski, W. W. Bolonchuk, W. A. Siders and C. B. 4, pp. Home body fat scales also cannot show where a persons body fat is stored. 19, no. A normal balance of body fat and muscle is associated with good health and longevity so BIA tests can aid clinicians in . 2. These equations will have an error rate when compared to the hydrostatic weighing method, and thus, this error is multiplied with the original error of the reference method to provide a body composition assessment that may be somewhat distant from the actual values reported using a four-compartment model. 2017;29:591-7. PROS: 1. 11, no. This means that when you use the device, you place each foot on a pad, and the current travels through your body between your feet. Several methods have been used to assess body composition in humans, each with advantages and drawbacks surrounding cost, validity, reliability, and accessibility (for more information on the methods of body composition assessment and their uses, click here). 38-43, 2004. 25, no. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a rapid and noninvasive method of body composition analysis; however, reproducibility between BIA instruments in pregnancy is uncertain. Bioelectrical impedance analysis--part I: review of principles and methods. Regardless, all devices are still subject to the same limitations that other BIA devices are. Very accurate: As we know a human is to error but with computerized 3d scanning, precise trigonometric measurements can be precisely recorded at ease with minimal errors. Body composition in underweight elderly subjects: reliability of bioelectrical impedance analysis. In addition, eating and strenuous exercise 2-4 hours prior to assessment has also previously been shown to decrease impedance; ultimately affecting the accuracy of the measurement [19]. The primary area for future research in this area is clearly the need for validated BIA equations for athletes in a range of sports and with varying body composition. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis works by determining the impedance which is faced by an electrical current as it passes through the human body. Non-invasive: BI does not require the use of needles, X-rays, or other invasive procedures, making it a relatively safe and painless option. the resistance of the electrical current [Z]) of the current and then estimate body composition hence the name bioelectrical impedance. 1.19-inch Sapphire Crystal Glass AMOLED 396x396 (40mm) or 1.36-inch Sapphire . Similarly, hand-held instruments may only assess body composition of the upper extremities. Having a BMI or BFP below the recommended range also has health risks. 639-647, 2004. Thickness of Biceps and Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Measured Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound as a Representation of Total Skeletal Muscle Mass. Journal of Physics Conference Series. Consequently, it is important that the correct equation is used for the population measured to ensure that any results are valid. Deurenberg, J. The primary issues with BIA are: Sensor Placement On a handheld device, the two points are your two hands (called hand-hand BIA). BIA scales estimate body fat percentage using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? 8600 Rockville Pike Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): A proposal for standardization of the classical method in adults. In large epidemiologic . Research conducted by Jebb et al., [11] found that leg-to-leg BIA using the manufacturer equations resulted in large errors when attempting to predict body fat, relative to the four-compartment model. As females typically have a higher proportion of adipose tissue in the gluteal-femoral region [20], it is possible that this would not be represented using hand-held BIA devices. The full-body scanner from the Naked Labs has probably become the most famous body scanner and has been covered by various tech-related websites in the last two years. 459-473, 1984. Higher values could indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It usually involves the placement of two electrical sources on the feet and hand's dorsal surface. A technician can then use a mathematical formula to estimate the persons BFP. Malia Frey is a weight loss expert, certified health coach, weight management specialist, personal trainer, and fitness nutrition specialist. Prediction of body fat increase from food addiction scale in school-aged children and adolescents: A longitudinal cross-lagged study. 15, pp. There are also hand-to-foot BIA devices, as well. Table 1. government site. The difference in bioelectrical conductivity between muscle and fat. 5, pp. 2, pp. Overall, BI is a non-invasive, quick, and relatively inexpensive method of measuring body composition. 2021;12(5):1854-1862. doi:10.1093/advances/nmab016. On a larger commercial. We begin with a definition of BMI. Does not provide information about specific body regions: BI does not provide information about specific body regions, such as the distribution of fat in the abdominal area, which is a risk factor for certain health conditions. Fitbit vs. Apple Watch: Which Fitness Tracker is Better? Hence, body resistance or impedance is used as a measure of body water. (2013). For example, many BIA equations are validated against assessment methods such as hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Bioelectrical impedance (BI) is a method of measuring body composition that uses a small electrical current to assess the relative amounts of lean tissue (muscle, bone, and organs) and fat tissue in the body. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. 2004 Oct;23(5):1226-43. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.06.004. Can be used on a variety of populations: BI can be used on a variety of populations, including children, older adults, and individuals with disabilities. The assumption that the hydration fraction of skeletal muscle remains at 73% is based on the chemical analysis of six cadavers as part of the Brussels Cadaver Analysis Study [21]. M. E. Franssen, E. P. A. Rutten, M. T. J. Groenen, L. E. Vanfleteren, E. F. M. Wouters and M. A. Spruit, New reference values for body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis in the general population: Results from the UK Biobank, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, vol. Bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate body composition in surgical and oncological patients: a systematic review. There are different types of BIA devices, but each requires two contact points. Keywords: body composition, fat mass, fat free mass, bioelectrical impedance analysis. Read our, Non-Essential Body Fat and How to Reduce It, The 9 Best Bathroom Scales of 2023, Tested and Reviewed, 10 Best Smart Scales, Tested and Recommended by Our Experts, The 8 Best Garmin Running Watches For All Types of Runners, Body Composition: What It Is and Why It Matters, How to Measure Body Fat With Hydrostatic Underwater Weighing. Percentage of body fat is strongly associated with the risk of several chronic diseases but its accurate measurement is difficult. Learn about the fundamentals of Agility and even get a practical coaching guide to help you to develop engaging sessions. They measure the rate at which a painless low-level electrical current travels through your body. Hall, Body composition assessment of athletes using bioelectrical impedance measurements, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, pp. However, they are not very accurate. 83, pp. The scan uses two X-ray beams that scan the body for between 10-20 minutes. Fat mass is then calculated as the difference between fat-free mass and body mass. Patients aren't the only ones who inaccurately estimate height and weight. BIA is an alternative to more invasive and expensive methods like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. You may have seen body fat scales on store shelves or online that use bioelectrical impedance analysis. Little training required for operation. Plug in your weight in pounds and your height in inches. The mathematical formula then estimates the relative percentages of the following: Fat offers more resistance than either muscle or water. Hydration and Glycogen Levels Some methods that people can use to estimate their body fat at home include: Calipers are tools that measure the distance between two sides of an object. Hand-to-foot BIA uses electrodes in a mounted foot-plate, as well as electrodes in hand grips, to determine whole body measurements. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. Consequently, it is important that the correct equation is used for the population measured to ensure that any results are valid. BI is commonly used in combination with other methods such as skinfold thickness measurement, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and Hydrostatic Weighing (underwater weighing) to get a more accurate assessment of body composition. If either value is higher than average, a person should see their doctor. As such, the following areas of research are needed to expand current knowledge on this topic: To conclude, it is likely that BIA is not a suitable body composition assessment method for athletic populations. However, hydration of fat-free mass has been shown to rise to over 77% with increased levels of body fat [22]. Medicine (Baltimore). Using this method doesn't need any training or prior practice. FFM can be predicted by BIA through equations developed using reference methods. The need to standardise eating, exercise, and both acute and chronic hydration changes are clearly important to provide valid body composition estimations. This is possible simply because different bodily tissues (e.g. However, it does not measure body fat directly. Body Mass Index (BMI): Pros and cons. D. van Marken Lichtenbelt, F. Hartgens, N. B. Vollaard, S. Ebbing and H. Kuipers, Body composition changes in bodybuilders: a method comparison, Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, vol. A person could use both BFP values and BMI values to help guide their dietary and exercise choices. Also, as long as the scales are consistent in their measurements even if these are inaccurate they can help the person roughly track the effectiveness of their exercise regimen or diet over time. Results can be affected by menstrual cycle: BI results can be affected by menstrual cycle as hormonal fluctuation during menstrual cycle can impact body water distribution and thus the results. Validity of body-composition methods across racial and ethnic populations. 77, pp. This suggests that BIA may provide data that is not sufficiently accurate for determination of individual body composition. Many of the newer models of BIA scales link with a smartphone app so you can track your progress over time. J. Saunders, J. E. Blevins and C. E. Broeder, Effects of hydration changes on bioelectrical impedance in endurance trained individuals, Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, vol. R. Esco, M. S. Olson, H. N. Williford, S. N. Lizana and A. R. Russell, The accuracy of hand to hand bioelectrical impedance analysis in predicting body composition in college-age female athletes, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. By Charlie BeestoneMay 20th, 2018 | 16 min read. Epub 2017 Jan 12. Andreoli, G. Melchiorri, S. L. Volpe and A. Inexpensive: BI devices are relatively inexpensive and can be used multiple times. Similar to hand-held methods, leg-to-leg BIA involves an individual standing on scales with four electrodes situated at each footplate, with a low-level current passed through the lower-body. Body Mass Index (BMI) measures how healthy your weight is, based on your height. 49, pp. Our purpose is to improve the performance of athletes and teams around the world by simplifying sports science and making it practical. The price of your BIA scale will depend on how sophisticated the product is. Verywell Fit content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) What is body fat percentage? Kyle UG, Bosaeus I, De Lorenzo AD, Deurenberg P, Elia M, Gmez JM, Heitmann BL, Kent-Smith L, Melchior JC, Pirlich M, Scharfetter H, Schols AM, Pichard C; Composition of the ESPEN Working Group. Sergi G, De Rui M, Stubbs B, Veronese N, Manzato E. Measurement of lean body mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a consideration of the pros and cons. Portable (lightweight equipment). Buccholz, C. Bartok and D. A. Schoeller, The Validity of Bioelectrical Impedance Models in Clinical Populations, Nutrition in Clinical Practice, vol. Voulgaridou G, Papadopoulou SD, Spanoudaki M, Kondyli FS, Alexandropoulou I, Michailidou S, Zarogoulidis P, Matthaios D, Giannakidis D, Romanidou M, Papadopoulou SK. National Library of Medicine By Malia Frey, M.A., ACE-CHC, CPT What are the pros & cons of Bioelectrical Impedence? Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Methods of body composition assessment. The most accurate readings were off by about 21%, while the least accurate were off by about 34%. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis is likely the measuring method you are most familiar with. There are several measurement tools to estimate body fat percentage, each have pros and cons mostly related to difficulty, cost, and availability. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Pros: Bioelectrical impedance monitors tend to be affordable enough to keep one around the house. 2017;29:591-7. "A scan removes the margin of error that bio-electric impedance tests [which measure body fat in relation to lean body mass] have, and that has significant reliability. It is also important to understand the reference assessment method used to validate these equations. Meanwhile, special sensors detect the volume of air that the persons body displaces based on air pressure changes that occur in the Bod Pod. N. Gleichauf and D. A. Roe, The menstrual cycles effect on the reliability of bioimpedance measurements for assessing body composition., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. Typically, the most expensive options provide the most accurate estimates. In this study, the home-use body fat scales either overestimated or underestimated BFPs. 4, pp. Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis or Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) is a method of assessing your body composition: the measurement of body fat in relation to lean body mass. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an easy-to-use and low-cost method for the estimation of fat-free mass (FFM) in physiological and pathological conditions. One study looked at the accuracy of weight and height estimation by ICU nurses and physicians. 5 The findings identified only moderate accuracy based on visual estimations. The reliability of . Ritz, A. Salle, M. Audran and V. Rohmer, Comparison of different methods to assess body composition of weight loss in obese and diabetic patients, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. Introduction . Body fat scales are devices that a person can use to measure their weight and body composition at home. MNT Exam 1. Accepted by guidelines. First, the researchers used a lab-based machine called a Bod Pod to take accurate body fat measurements. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. 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